Lancia Rally 037
The Lancia Rally was a mid-engine sports car and rally car built by Lancia in the early 1980s to compete in the FIA Group B World Rally Championship. Driven by Markku Alén, Attilio Bettega, and Walter Röhrl, the car won Lancia the manufacturers' world championship in the 1983 season. It was the last rear-wheel drive car to win the WRC.
History
In 1980 Lancia began the development of the 037 to comply with the then new FIA Group B regulations that allowed cars to race with relatively few homologation models being built. As the project name was number 037, this eventually became the name by which the car was known. Abarth, now a part of the Lancia-Fiat family, did most of the design work, even incorporating styling cues from some of its famous race cars of the 1950s and 1960s such as a double bubble roof line. The car was developed in collaboration between Pininfarina, Abarth, Dallara and the project manager, engineer Sergio Limone. Prior to its first participation in the 1982 World Rally Championship season, 200 road-going models were built to comply with Group B regulations.The car made its competition debut at the 1982 Rally Costa Smeralda in Italy, where two cars were entered but both retired due to gearbox issues. The 1982 season was plagued with retirements for the 037, but the new car did manage to achieve several wins including its first win at the Pace Rally in the UK. The 1983 season was considerably more successful for the 037: Lancia took the 1983 World Rally Championship Constructors' title with Germany's Walter Röhrl and Finland's Markku Alen its principal drivers, despite serious competition from the 4WD Audi Quattro. Both drivers, however, missed the final round of the series, despite Röhrl maintaining a mathematical chance of the drivers' title: such honours instead went to Audi's veteran Finn, Hannu Mikkola.
For the 1984 Constructors' title defence, Lancia introduced an Evolution 2 version of the 037 with improved engine power output, but this was not enough to stem the tide of 4WD competition, losing to Audi in both 1984 championships, and again to the 4WD Peugeot 205 T16 in its final works season in 1985. Indeed, Alen collected the final 037 win, and the sole one for the E2 model, on the 1984 Tour De Corse, before it was finally pensioned off in the Martini sponsored Lancia factory rally car line-up in favour of its successor, the uniquely supercharged and turbocharged 4WD Delta S4, for the season-ending RAC Rally in Great Britain. Driver Attilio Bettega died in a 037 crash in 1985.
António Rodrigues won the 1984 Falperra International Hill Climb in a 037.
Specifications
The Lancia 037 was a silhouette racer; while it was loosely based on the Lancia Montecarlo road car, they shared only the center section with all body panels and mechanical parts being significantly different. Steel subframes were used fore and aft of the 037's center section, while most of the body panels were made from Kevlar.The mid-engined layout of the Montecarlo was retained, but the engine was turned 90 degrees from a transverse position to a longitudinal position. This allowed greater freedom in the design of the suspension while moving engine weight forward.
An independent double wishbone suspension was used on both the front and rear axles, with dual shock absorbers in the rear in order to cope with the stresses of high speed off road driving. The 037 is notable in Group B as it retained the rear-wheel drive layout that was nearly universal for rally cars of the pre-Group B period; nearly all subsequent successful rally cars used four-wheel drive, making the 037 the last of its kind.
Unlike its predecessor, the V6-powered Lancia Stratos HF, the first 037s had a 2.0-litre 4-cylinder supercharged engine. Based on the long stroke twin cam engine which powered earlier Fiat Abarth 131 rally cars, the four valve head was carried over from the 131 Abarth but the original two carburetors were replaced by a single large Weber carburetor in early models and later with fuel injection. The 037 features a ZF transaxle.
Lancia also chose a supercharger over a turbocharger to eliminate turbo lag and improve throttle response. Initially, power was quoted at but was increased to. The final Evolution 2 model's engine generated due to a displacement increase to.
Detailed Specifications
Street car
- Body: kevlar reinforced with fiberglass
- Weight: in running condition
- Dimensions: length, width, height, wheelbase
- Engine configuration: longitudinally mounted Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, Straight-4
- Bore X Stroke:
- Displacement:
- Max. power: at 7,000 rpm
- Max. torque: at 5,000 rpm
- Supercharger: Abarth Volumex system with pressure between
- Lubrication: dry sump
- Valvetrain: DOHC driven by belt, 4 valves per cylinder
- Clutch: Single dry plate, diameter with hydraulic foot pedal
- Transmission: ZF The type claw, 5-speed plus reverse
- Differential: Self-Locking with two shafts fitted with CV joints
- Front suspension: Independent double wishbone, coil springs, gas shock absorbers and stabilizer bar
- Rear Suspension: Identical to front but with dual shock absorbers and without bar
- Wheels: Speedline 16" alloy wheels, Pirelli P7 205/55 VR 16 tires
- Steering: Rack and pinion, lubricated and shock
- Cooling: Forced with pump and radiator front
- Ignition: Electronic inductive discharge Marelli AEI 200 A
Rally car
- Body: Polyester resin reinforced with glass fibre and flame retardant
- Weight: in running condition
- Dimensions: length, width, height, wheelbase
- Engine: mid-engine mounted longitudinally, 4 cylinders in line
- Displacement: 1995 cm³, 2111 cm³
- Bore and Stroke: x 90 mm, x 93 mm
- Maximum torque: at 5,000 rpm, at 5,500 rpm
- Maximum power: at 8,000 rpm,
- Supercharger: Abarth Volumex system with pressure between 0.60 and 0.90 bar
- Lubrication: Forced dry sump oil tank
- Layout: Rear-wheel-drive
- Distribution: Dual overhead cam shaft driven by belt, four valves per cylinder
- Clutch: Single dry plate with sealing metal-Valeo, diameter with hydraulic foot pedal
- Change: Five-speed plus reverse
- Differential: ZF-Abarth type self-locking with two shafts fitted with CV joints
- Front suspension: independent wheels with two wishbone, coil springs, Bilstein gas shock absorbers and anti roll bar
- Rear Suspension: Identical to front but with dual shock absorbers and without bar Wheels:
Asphalt version: 18-inch wheels at the rear and 16-inch wheels at the front
- Steering: Rack and pinion with scaler
- Brakes: Brembo-Abarth disc brakes on all four wheels with alloy calipers
- Cooling: Forced with pump and radiator front
- Ignition: Electronic inductive discharge Marelli AEI 200 A
Rally results