"Lamento Borincano" is Rafael Hernández Marín's acclaimed composition in Puerto Rico's patriotic tradition. It takes its name from the free musical formLament, and from Borinquen, an indigenous name for the island. Hernández released the song in 1929 to illustrate the economic precariousness that had engulfed the Puerto Rican farmer since the late 1920s' Puerto Rico. It became an instantaneous hit in Puerto Rico and its popularity soon followed in may countries of Latin America. Renown international artists have sung it and featured it in their repertoire. In 2018, the original 1930 recording of the song by Canario y Su Grupo was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant."
History
Hernandez composed the song while he lived in New York City, in Spanish Harlem. That same year, he also wrote his masterpiece, "Preciosa". In 1947, Hernández returned to Puerto Rico to become an orchestra director at the government-owned WIPR Radio. Lamento Borincano was interpreted by dozens of artists and became an important part of Puerto Rican culture. In 1929, 17-year-old Davilita met Rafael Hernández by chance. Davilita got along quite well with Hernández Marín and was able to see the unfinished version of Hernandez's "Lamento Borincano". Davilita asked Hernandez if he could record the song but, Hernandez thought that Davilita was too young and declined his request. The song was to be recorded by bandleader Manuel "Canario" Jiménez and his band. A musician named Ramon Quiroz became ill on the day of the recording, so Davilita ended up as lead vocals, with Fausto Delgado on backup.
Theme
The song reflects the economic situation of the poor farmers in the Puerto Rico of the 1920s decade leading to the Great Depression. The song starts with a cheerful and optimistic tone, presenting the jíbarito. The jíbarito is a self-subsistence farmer and descendants of the intermixing of Taíno and Spaniards during the XVI century, who is the iconic reflection of the Puerto Rican people of the day. The jíbarito was a farmer-salesman who would also grow enough crops to sell in the town in order to purchase clothing, etc., for his family. The song speaks of the jíbarito walking with his donkey loaded with fruits and vegetables from his plot of land and heading to town to sell his load but, disappointed to see the poverty prevalent even in town and unable to sell his load, the jíbarito returns home with his load unsold. The song thus ends with a sad, melancholic tone. The song does not name Puerto Rico by its modern name, instead uses its former pre-Columbian name "Borinquen".
however, though Rafael Hernández names the Puerto Rican poet José Gautier Benítez, some artists who have recorded the song replace his name with the word "Gotier" in place of Gautier.
Recordings
Following is a partial listing of recordings of the song by different artists.
