Krishnagiri district


Krishnagiri district is one of the 38 districts of the state of Tamil Nadu, in India. This district is carved out from Dharmapuri District by 2004. The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, e-Governance was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis. The district is one of the largest producers of mangoes in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males.

Etymology

Krishna refers to 'black' and giri refers to 'hill'. The area contains many granite hillocks, hence the name Krishnagiri. History says this area was under the Vijayanagar Empire, and those days it was custom to name a town or a landmark after one of its famous king, Krishnadevaraya. There is a hill with a fort on top next to the Town Bus Stand as a landmark. When Tipu Sultan conquered this area he renamed it as Syed Basha Hill and built a mosque on top. But the name of the town remained the same.

History

Krishnagiri district was formed as the 30th district of Tamil Nadu on 9 February 2004. It was formed by carving out five taluks and ten blocks of the erstwhile Dharmapuri district. The first collector of Krishnagiri was Mangat Ram Sharma.

District administration

A district collector heads the district administration. Krishnagiri district is divided into two divisions and five taluks for the purpose of revenue administration. Revenue Divisional Officer heads the divisions and Tahsildar is the head of taluk level administration. Development administration in this district is coordinated by the panchayats for the rural areas. There are about ten panchayat unions, seven town panchayats, 352 village Panchayats and 874 revenue villages in this district. Krishnagiri district comprises two revenue divisions Krishnagiri and Hosur. There are eight taluks: Krishnagiri, Hosur, Pochampalli, Uthangarai, Shoolagiri, Bargur and Denkanikottai and Anchetty. There are 12 panchayat unions: Kelamangalam, Thalli, Anchetti, Krishnagiri, Shoolagiri, Vepanapalli, Hosur, Kaveripattinam, Pochampalli, Mathur and Uthangarai.

Geography and climate

Krishnagiri district covers an area of 5143 km². Krishnagiri district is bound by Tirupattur to the southeast, Thiruvannamalai districts to the east, Dharmapuri district to the south and Kolar, Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban, Ramanagara and Chamarajanagar districts of the state of Karnataka to the northwest and west and Chittoor district of the state Andhra Pradesh to the north. This district is elevated from 300m to 1400m above the mean sea level. It is located between 11° 12' N and 12° 49' N latitude, 77° 27' E to 78° 38' E longitude.
Taluk HQLatitude Longitude
Krishnagiri Taluk12o32’44"78o13’36"
Pochampalli Taluk12o20’78o22’
Uthangarai Taluk12o15’78o33’
Hosur Taluk12o48’77o50’23"
Denkanikottai Taluk12o02’77o47’
Bargur Taluk12o55’78o37’

It basically has a mountainous terrain. The flatlands are irrigated by the South Pennar River. The eastern part of the district experiences a hot climate and the western part contrastingly has a pleasant climate. The average rainfall is 830 mm per year. March - June is the summer season. July - November is the rainy season and during December - February winter prevails.
YearRainfall
2001–2002825.700
2002–2003521.600
2003–20041075.600
2004–2005230.620
2005–20061262.800

Net cultivated, irrigated, double, multiple cropped, cultivable wasteland, water land and forest
ClassificationGeo.Extent
Forest20240939%
Banner and uncultivable waste241945%
Land put to non-agricultural uses214664%
Cultivable waste63411%
Permanent pastures and other grassing lands73781%

Transportation

The following major national highway roads pass through Krishnagiri district:--
There are state highways passing through the district.
Also, several MDRs pass through this district. They are as follows:
1. MD-53 Bagalur - Berigai Road
2. MD-91 Denkanikottai - Kelamangalam Road
3. MD-124 Hosur Town to Hosur Railway Station Road
4. MD-157 Kaveripattinam - Kakkangarai Road
5. MD-192 Krishnagiri - Rayakottai Road
6. MD-193 KRP Dam approach Road
7. MD-366 Pondy - Krishnagiri Road
8. MD-422 Shoolagiri - Berigai Road
9. MD-424 Singarapet - Thirupathur Road
10. MD-456 Theertham - Berigai Road
11. MD-517 Uthangarai bypass road
12. MD-588 Denkanikottai - Anchetty - Natrampalayam Road
13. MD-660 Pondy Krishnagiri Road to Hill Round Road
14. MD-703 Thally - Jawalagiri - Karnataka State Border Road
15. MD-754 Kundarapalli - Veppanapalli Road
16. MD-861 Kaveripattinam - Palacode Road
17. MD-862 Kaveripattinam - Pochampalli Road
18. MD-863 Jandamedu - Puliyur Road
19. MD-1000 Veppanapalli - Theertham Road
20. MD-1001 Kurubarapalli - Kothakrishnapalli Road

Railways

-Dharmapuri-Bengaluru broad gauge line runs through Hosur.
Kovai-Erode-Jolarpettai broad gauge line runs through Samalpatti.

Public amenities

Irrigation

The Public Works Department and Panchayat union tanks, ponds and supply channels play an important role in the irrigation of Krishnagiri district. However, they have to be desilted and strengthened. New check dams and flood protection walls have to be constructed for water conservation.

Electricity

Street lighting in rural areas is vested with the Panchayat Administration. The panchayats look after the erection of new streetlights in the hamlets, payment of current consumption charges from the panchayat funds. The procurement of tube lights, sodium vapor lights and other electrical appliances is done by the connected panchayat itself. Overall, 95% of the hamlets are covered under rural electrification. Generally the power supply position in Krishnagiri District is normal. However, in some areas the low voltage problem is felt, especially in the hamlets in the ghat section. To minimize the current consumption charges in the panchayats, efforts were taken to utilize solar power lights as an alternate and renewable source in Krishnagiri district.

Education

There is a Community Polytechnic run by the Government in Krishnagiri district. Also, the TAHDCO offers nursing and catering training under vocational training courses through private training institutions to people belonging to SC / ST communities. To uplift the education of women, St. James Tailoring Institute is striving for the welfare of women in Krishnagiri town. This dress making technology gives self earning at home and makes women to get jobs in ready made garment companies in Krishnagiri itself.
Education centersNo.
Primary schools988
Middle schools107
High schools113
Hr. sec. schools72
Industrial training institutions5
Music schools1
Teachers training schools2
Polytechnics8
Engineering colleges5
Arts and science colleges8
Computer Training Institutes5

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Krishnagiri district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 963 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 217,323 were under the age of six, constituting 112,832 males and 104,491 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 14.22% and 1.19% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 63.2%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 448,053 households. There were a total of 877,779 workers, comprising 218,600 cultivators, 197,369 main agricultural labourers, 15,237 in house hold industries, 310,795 other workers, 135,778 marginal workers, 17,438 marginal cultivators, 6 45,700 other marginal workers.
Tamil, Telugu is the official language spoken here. Hinduism is the major religion, followed by Islam and Christian minorities.

Economy

Agriculture


ReservoirTarget AchievementRevenue collection Fishermen benefited / amount
Krishnagiri Dam51.06.810484423/4844
Pambaru Dam302.0181357016/13570
Kelavarppalli Dam29.015.1109538730/95387
Barur Lake284.017.60012460037/124600
Chinnaru Dam6.80.931104105/10410
Mayil Ravanan Lake3.00.1648201/820
Ramanayakan Lake4.00.27323051/2305
Paraiyur Lake2.00.21618691/1260


In Krishnagiri District the annual income in the animal husbandry sector was as follows for 2006-07.
ClassificationIncome received
Milk24,94,926
Egg3,88,192
Pork1,54,496
Sale of livestock4,21,578
Miscellaneous13,55,244
Artificial insemination5,79,898
LN 2 1,27,819
Total income55,22,153

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