1. East Dennis, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Birthplace 2. Bridgewater State University: 1859 Graduate 3. Mankato State University: President 1872-1873 4. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul 5. Peabody College, Vanderbilt University: Professor and Head of Mathematics Department, 1875 - 1907 6. Fairhaven, Massachusetts: Retirement
Family History
The Sears family lineage begins with Richard Sares, who lived in the Plymouth Colony around 1630. The Sears family also includes Edmond Sears, who, in 1849, composed "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear". Most of the notable members of the Sears family had an educational or religious backgrounds. Constant, Sears' father, was born in 1802 and died in 1861.Sears' mother, Deborah was born in April 19, 1801 and died in 1861. Constant and Deborah married in 1824. Constant was sea captain and retired to be a cranberry farmer and salt manufacturer. Overall, the Sears' Family consists primarily of sea captions, religious figures in Methodist and Baptist faith, as well as educators.
Early Life
Julia Ann Sears was born to Constant and Deborah Chipman Sears on March 19, 1839 in East Dennis, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Julia was the youngest of five siblings: Thankful Snow, Emily, Sarah R., and Betsey Thomas. Her mother had another daughter, who passed away in 1832. Julia had no uncles or brothers. It is suggested, this may have helped her develop a sense of independence. As children, Julia and her sisters underwent religious training by Methodist ministers, at month-long summer camps. In her later years, Sears recalled pretending to be a teacher when playing with friends. This may have been an early indicator of her future career.
Education
Julia Sears attended a common school in East Dennis, from age five to age fifteen. Though it remains unclear, it is believed Sears attended the East Dennis Academy from 1854 to 1858. During this time, Julia decided she wanted to be an educator. Sears moved away from home and attended Bridgewater Normal School from 1858 to 1860. Students were asked to affirm their devotion to becoming a teacher or they would be charged $10 for every term they attended the school. The principle of Bridgewater Normal School, Marshall Conant, had a passion for mathematics, astronomy and mechanics. Julia Sears and Mr. Conant worked closely together during her time as a student there, possibly influencing her later career choice of becoming a mathematics professor. At the end of her education, Julia Sears received a General Diploma of the Institution, similar to a modern-day GED.
Teaching
Between 1860 and 1866 Julia Sears taught at a normal school in Cape Cod. In 1866, Sears was a teacher in Western State Normal School, later to be named Farmington State Normal School. The principle of Western State Normal School was George M. Gage, but in 1868 he moved to Mankato, Minnesota. Julia Sears had known George Gage, as a schoolmate, at Bridgewater Normal School. After Gage's departure, Sears went to teach at Prescott School for Boys and Girls in Charlestown, Boston. From 1869 to 1871, Sears was the Head Assistant in Boston. In the summer of 1870, George Gage offered Sears the position of Head Assistant at Mankato Normal School, but Sears refused this offer. During this time, Sears studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Mankato Normal School
Mrs. Sears started teaching at the Mankato Normal School, now known as Minnesota State, in 1871. After only one year, Julia Sears made history by becoming the president in 1872. At this point in history, this kind of achievement was not well documented or communicated well, for the next 50-80 years, there are documents of other women believe they were the firstfemale president of a U.S. public college. Her first address to its female graduates was forthright, stating:
You are stepping out into life at a time when you hear not the sound, 'thus far in education may you go and no farther, this place you may fill, but not that'; but, instead, universities and colleges open wide their doors and bid you enter, and any place you are fitted to fill is no longer denied you.
However, such frankness was still controversial, and she was forced to leave the university after only a year. She retained considerable support among the students and the Mankato community. This support shifted into a protest, becoming so heated that it resulted in expulsions and was known as the Sears Rebellion. She then took a post as professor of mathematics at Peabody Normal School in Nashville, Tennessee. In Nashville, she worked tirelessly as an advocate of women's rights and in particular the right to vote. She remained at Peabody until her retirement in 1907, and a portrait of her, painted in 1904, hangs today in the Peabody library. At her death in 1929, the campus newspaper said, "Her precision, her accuracy, her fairness, her brilliant demonstrations, and, above all, her ability to inspire the ambition of all those she taught became famous incidents of her instruction at Peabody." This quote was inscribed on the wall of a newly constructed residence hall that was named in her honor at Minnesota State University, Mankato in 2015, and is a reminder of the impact on the community.
