Joseph Karakis
Joseph Karakis was Soviet architect, urban planner, painter and teacher, one of the most prolific Kiev architects.
Author of dozens building that are now considered architectural landmarks, more than two-thousand schools
were built in the Soviet Union from designs created by Karakis, and overall there were more than four thousand buildings built from his designs.
Biography
Joseph Karakis was born on 29 May 1902 in the town of Balta, Ukraine, to Julius Borisovich Karakis, co-owner and a worker of a sugar factory in Turbin and Karakis Frida Jakovlevna. Joseph was the oldest child and had a younger brother David Julevich Karakis who has chosen to become a doctor, and was a colonel and chief of medical squadron during World War II.From 1909 till 1917 Joseph Karakis studied at Vinnytsia realschule, while attending evening drawing classes of Abraham Cherkassky. In 1918, he worked as a painter decorator in Vinnytsia theater at Matthew Drak for the troupe of Gnat Yura, Ambrose Buchma and Marian Krushelnitskiy. In 1919 he joined the Red Army as a volunteer, where he served as an artist for the agitation train. Since 1921 he worked as an artist for the Vinnytsia Commission on Monuments and art of antiquity. He was responsible for the formation of the city museum's gallery and library from the collection of Princess Branitskaya's mansion in Nemyriv.
In 1922 he was admitted to the Institute of National Economy at the Faculty of Law. A year later he got admitted to Kiev Art Institute in the Faculty of Painting. During his studies he works as a theatre artist. At the same time, in 1925, as a result of an influence by James Steinberg, he transitioned from a third year of having art major to a first year in an architectural department. In 1926, while studying, he worked as a senior technician in the construction of the Kiev railway station with his teacher Alexander Verbitsky, then assistant to the design as well as the implementation of the Academy of Sciences and first in Ukraine house for doctor's families located on Big Zhitomir str. 17 in Kiev. In 1927, in a secret from their parents married Conservatory student of piano major Anna Kopman, who was considered one of the Kiev beauties.
In 1929 he graduated with an architecture major. Architectural design was taught by P. Aleshin, A. Verbitsky and V. Rykov. In 1931 he received an invitation to teach at the Kiev construction institute. Before the war, Karakis was an architect of various houses and public buildings, among which were the Jewish Theatre in Kiev, the National Museum of Ukraine and others. Since 1941 he was an associate professor of architectural design at KARI. During the war years he worked on the contraction of the heavy machinery factories in Rostankoproekt. From 1942 to 1944 Karakis worked as a chief architect of the Farkhad Dam, where he has designed the dam, diversion channels, machinery room as well as various housing projects.
After the war he worked in the Kiev Giprograde and Civil Engineering Institute, and from 1948, was chief of the institute of the art industry of USSR Academy of Architecture.
In 1951, after another ideological "cleansing", he was fired. He was the only person who championed the preservation of historical monuments during the period of "struggle with cosmopolitanism."
Since 1952 Karakis worked in the Giprograd on the model design. From 1963 till 1976 he was head of the Design department at the Architecture School in KievZNIIEP. In 1977, following the invitation of B. E. Yasievich, he joined for some time the Kiev Research Institute of History, Theory and prospective problems of Soviet architecture. There Karakis worked on development of the "Housing of the Near Future" prospect for building in Kiev.
Karakis died on 23 February 1988. He was buried at Baikovo cemetery beside his mother.
Projects
In Kiev:- The Art School.
- House of the Officers – Str. Grushevskogo, 30/1
- The stairs and retaining wall with lanterns at the entrance to the site of the National Museum of History of Ukraine from the Vladimir street.
- "Model" school 29
- Residential house in Holosievo Forestry Institute
- House of the Red Army and Navy in Kiev
- Reconstruction of the club in Avia-gorod
- Restaurant "Dinamo", next to the Dynamo stadium
- Music School and Concert Hall of the Conservatory of Music Alley
- Reconstruction of the Theatre of the Red Army on the street. Meringovskoy
- Jewish theatre on Khreshchatyk str. 17
- 10-storey residential house in the style of constructivism in the street. Mazeppa.
- Residential building on the January Uprising str. 3
- Government Area
- Residential house on the street. 25 October street
- Dwelling house quo St George st.
- Residential house for senior officers on the Zolotovorotskaya street
- River Station in Kiev in co-authorship with N. Holostenko. Rewarded
- Residential house on the street. Streletskaya, 12
- The residential complex of the State Planning Commission on a street. 25 October
- The second phase of the quarter on the January Uprising str., 5
- Houses of the pilot plant on the street. German and st. Laboratory
- Dwelling house gallery type – In the house for workers of the Kiev shoe factory number 4 has been implemented completely atypical for Kiev gallery-system, typical of southern regions. Staircases are located on both sides of the body, the passage to the apartments through the open gallery. This design save 15% of funds in the construction of the building. Before the war, was built in draft form, later renovated and decorated. Includes 1-2-room apartments
- Gallery type houses with 50 apartments on Vishgorod and Nekrasov streets
- Building on Kreschatik, 29
- Machining shop pilot plant
- Experimental School in the boulevard of Peoples' Friendship No. 12
- Model School
- Experimental School No.80.
- Farkhad Dam: dam, machine room, the diversion canal and aqueduct for the Farkhad Dam ;
- Housing estates Farhadskaya GES 1000 and 500 ;
- Detached house for the construction of hydroelectric Farhadskaya.
- In years, Kryvyi Rih, Vinnitsa, etc.:
- Cinema at the 1000 spectators.
- Sotsgorod.
- House of the Red Army and Navy ;
- House Co-operative societies
- School on the street. Louis Pasteur .
- House of the Red Army.
- Music School.
- Palace of Culture im.Stalina
- Hotel "October" .
- Kursk Station.
- School;
- Museum of the Revolution .
- Abrasive Works ;
- School No. 110 named after Shevchenko for 2600 students in the "Ukrainian" district of the city.
- Monument Kotovsk, custom competition.
- Experimental School.
- Pilot schools for children who recover from cerebral palsy in Odessa and Berdyansk ;
- Experimental school for mentally retarded children in Zaporizhzhya ;
- School of square classes in Kramatorsk ;
- Consolidated school building for 2,032 students in Donetsk on the Kalmius river
- Pilot school buildings large capacity in Makhachkala, Baku, Voroshilovgrad, Dnipridzerzhinsk ;
- School in Komsomolsk;
- From 1953 to 1975 was developed jointly with a team of employees over 40 model projects of different capacities of secondary schools, boarding schools and music which has built more than four thousand buildings in Ukraine, schools, and other republics of the RSFSR.
Selected publications
- In Ukrainian : "Яким повинно бути житло // Більшовик. — 1936. — 5 серпня. — № 181"
- In Ukrainian : "Про план житлового осередку // Соціалістичний Київ. — 1936. — № 6 "
- In Ukrainian : "Школи художнього виховання // Соціалістичний Київ. — 1937. — № 2"
- In Ukrainian : "Жилий квартал над Дніпром // Соціалістичний Київ. — 1937. — № 4
- In Ukrainian : "Будівництво і проектування сільських шкіл на Україні // Радянська школа. — 1938. — № 4
- In Ukrainian : "Колгоспний клуб // Архітектура Радянської України. — 1941. — № 6"
- In Ukrainian : "Москва радянська // Вісник Академії архітектури УРСР. — 1947. — № 2"
- In Ukrainian : "Нова, незвична… // Київський будівельник—1960. — 16 червня. — № 24"
- In Russian: "За комплексную застройку // Архитектурная газета. — 1936. — 8 июня. — № 32"
- In Russian: "Жилой дом на Украине // Архитектурная газета — 1937. — 18 апреля. — № 22
- In Russian: "Архитектура жилья на Украине: 20 лет Великой Социалистической революции // Архитектурная газета. — 1937. — 8 октября. — № 69
- In Russian: "Экспериментальное проектирование жилых микрорайонов // Вестник ГИПРОГРАДа. — К., 1946"
- In Russian: "Хозяйственные сооружения в системе двухэтажной жилой застройки // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД. — К., 1952. — № 3"
- In Russian: "Здание гостиницы в г. Ворошиловграде // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД. — К., 1952. — № 14"
- In Russian: "Экспериментальный проект жилого дома галерейного типа на 72 квартиры // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД. — К., 1956. — № 1"
- In Russian: "Галерейные жилые дома // Архитектура СССР. — 1957. — № 4"
- In Russian: "Типовое проектирование школ-интернатов // Строительство и архитектура. — 1957. — № 3; Будівництво і архітектура. — 1957. — № 3"
- In Russian: "К вопросу проектирования новых типов школьных зданий // Проектирование и строительство школьных зданий. — К., 1958."
- In Russian: "Средняя школа на 400 учащихся: Некоторые конструктивные и планировочные особенности школьных зданий, проектируемых из крупных стеновых блоков // Проектирование и строительство школьных зданий. — К., 1958"
- In Russian: "Однокомнатные квартиры в галерейном доме // Строительство и архитектура. — 1958. — № 1; Будівництво і архітектура. — 1958. — № 1 "
- In Russian: "Типовой проект семилетней музыкальной школы на 200—300 учащихся // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД. — К., 1958. — № 7 "
- In Russian: "Пути улучшения экономических и бытовых качеств жилья // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД. — К., 1958. — № 8-9 "
- In Russian: "Новые типовые проекты // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД. — К., 1958. — № 10"
- In Russian: "Жилые дома галерейного типа для строительства в VII и VIII пятилетках // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД — К., 1958 — № 10"
- In Russian: "Типовой проект семилетней музыкальной школы на 200—300 учащихся // Техническая информация / ГИПРОГРАД — К., 1958. — № 7"
- In Russian: "Новые типовые проекты: О домах галерейного типа // Жилищное строительство. — 1958. — № 11"
- In Russian: "Пути улучшения планировки жилья // Строительство и архитектура. — 1959. — № 1; Будівництво і архітектура. — 1959. — № 1"
- In Russian: "Жилой корпус на 600 воспитанников в Киеве // Строительство и архитектура. — 1959. — № 2 "
- In Russian: "Номенклатура домов галерейного типа для строительства в Украинской ССР // Жилищное строительство. — 1959. — № 2"
- In Russian: "От эксперимента — к массовому строительству: Комплексная серия типовых проектов школ и школ-интернатов // Строительство и архитектура. — 1960. — № 11 "
- In Russian: "Экспериментальная школа в Киеве // Жилищное строительство — 1961 — № 4"
- In Russian: "Кооперирование и размещение школ и школьных городков в современной жилой застройке // Архитектура учебно-воспитательных зданий в жилой застройке. — М., 1976"
- In Russian: "Жилище ближайшего будущего : Отчет о НИР / Киевский научно-исследовательский институт теории, истории и перспективных проблем советской архитектуры. Инв. № 1071. — К., 1977. — 29 с."
- and more.
Students
In memory
During the 100 years celebration, the following items were released:- Calling cards with a portrait and works of Karakis
- A detailed colour catalogue with some of the most important works of the architect
- Memorial posters were published in the bus stations throughout the city
- A web portal created by ministry of culture with author's works
- An exhibition of works of the architect was held