Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee was a nonprofit organization to provide humanitarian aid to refugees of the Spanish Civil War.
History
In 1941, the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee was formed by Lincoln Battalion veterans of the Spanish Civil War to provide aid to Spanish Loyalists refugees from Francoist Spain. JAFRC superseded previous groups, including the North American Committee to Aid Spanish Democracy and American Medical Bureau. Specifically, JAFRC was "dedicated to the rescue and relief of thousands of anti-fascist fighters trapped in Vichy, France, and North Africa" so that they might "return to the active fight against the Axis."JAFRC established a fundraising organization called "Spanish Refugee Appeal" of the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee." Dorothy Parker took charge of the committee's fundraising and the anti-fascists soon attracted the support of Leonard Bernstein, Albert Einstein, Lillian Hellman, Langston Hughes, and Orson Welles.
In 1942, it was licensed to do so in Vichy France by President Franklin Roosevelt's wartime administration, and the anti-fascists were then granted tax-exempt status.
In 1946, the JAFRC began to face nearly-constant attack from federal government organizations. In 1948, the Bureau of Internal Revenue rescinded JAFRC's tax-exempt status. Thereafter, the Subversive Activities Control Board tried to force JAFRC to register as a communist front organization.
In April 1951, Allan Rosenberg successfully argued for the complainant Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee in Anti-Fascist Committee v. McGrath before the US Supreme Court.
In 1955, the JAFRC board voted to disband.
People
Leaders
According to letterhead dated March 17, 1944, leaders included:- Walter Rautenstrauch, National Honorary Chairman
- Edward K. Barsky, National Chairman
- Lyman R. Bradley, National Treasurer
- Helen R. Bryan, National Secretary
- Dr. Comfort A. Adams
- Rabbi Michael Aper
- Dr. Hery Lambert Bibby
- James L. Brewer
- Dr. Walter B. Cannon
- Prof. Richard T. Cox
- Martha Dodd
- Julien Duvivier
- Dr. Frederick May Eliot
- Dr. Henry Pratt Fairchild
- Lion Feuchtwanger
- Prof. Irving Fisher
- Prof. Mitchell Franklin
- Rev. Stephen H. Fritchman
- Prof. Marion Hathaway
- Kenneth Leslie
- Princess Helga zu Loewenstein
- Dr. Robert Morss Lovett
- Prof. Kirtley F. Mather
- Philip Merivale
- Rt. Rev. Edward L. Parsons
- Prof. Renato Poggioli
- Dr. Francis M. Pottenger
- Paul Robeson
- Prof. Harlow Shapley
- Dalton Trumbo
- Dame May Whitty
- Dr. Max Yergan
Members
- Moses Fishman
- Mark Straus MD
- Arthur Szyk
Spanish Refugee Appeal supporters
- Pablo Picasso, Honorary Chair
- Dorothy Parker, Chairman
- Rev. Dr. Charles B. Ackley
- Lemuel Ayers
- Aline Bernstein
- Leonard Bernstein
- Alvah Bessie
- Lyman R. Bradley
- Dorothy Brewster
- Arthur G. Brodeur
- Henrietta Buckmaster
- Rabbi Elliott Burstein
- Allan Chase
- Edward Chodorov
- John M. Coffee
- Rabbi J. X. Coeh
- Charles A. Collins
- Eugene P. Connolly
- Kyle Crichton
- Bartley C. Crum
- Bernard Davidoff
- Agness George De Mille
- Mrs. George Adams Dewey
- Earl B. Dickerson
- Dean Dixon
- Martha Dodd
- Olin Downes
- Muriel Draper
- Albert Einstein
- Rabbi Mitchel S. Eskolsky
- Philip Evergood
- Henry Pratt Fairchild
- L.S. Fanning
- Howard Fast
- Lion Feuchtwanger
- Louis Finger
- Elizabeth P. Frazier
- Rve. Stephen Fritchman
- Betty Garrett
- Frank Gervasi
- Elinor S. Gimbel
- Rabbi Solomon Goldman
- Robert Gordis
- William Gropper
- Chaim Gross
- Ralph H. Grundlach
- Richard Gump
- Ralph Gundlach
- Marion Hathaway
- Rita Hayworth
- Lillian Hellman
- Libby Holman
- Langston Hughes
- Walter Huston
- Stanley M. Isaacs
- Mrs. Sydney Joseph
- Barney Josephson
- Rober W. Kenny
- Rockwell Kent
- Fiske Kimball
- Arthur Kober
- Alfred Kreymborg
- Canada Lee
- M.V. Leof
- Kenneth Leslie
- Ray Lev
- Walter H. Leibman
- Daniel A. Longbaker
- Louis Lozowick
- Florence J. Luscomb
- Richard Lyndon
- Louis F. McCabe
- John T. McManus
- Rev. Dr. John D. Mackay
- Manuel Magana
- Albert Maltz
- Alfred T. Manacher
- Richard Maney
- Heinrich Mann
- Thomas Mann
- Alicia Markova
- George Marshall
- Kirtley F. Mather
- F.O. Matthiesen
- Rev. William Howard Melesh
- Yehudi Menuhin
- Saul Mills
- James K. Moffitt
- Pierre Monteux
- Karen Morley
- William Morris Jr.
- Zero Mostel
- Jarmila Novotna
- Michael J. Obermeier
- Harvey O'Connor
- Eugene O'Neill
- Isabel de Palencia
- Aubrey Pankey
- Beryl Parker
- Bishop Edward L. Parsons
- J. Gilbert Peirce
- Gerry Pelles
- Gregor Piatigorsky
- David de Sola Pool
- Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.
- Walter Rautenstrauch
- Anton Refregier
- John Reiner
- Quentin Reynolds
- Paul Robeson
- William M. rubin
- Mrs. Maurice Bower Saul
- Jimmy Savo
- Geoges Schreiber
- Hazel Scott
- Anna Seghers
- Lisa Sergio
- Harlow Shapley
- Sol Silverman
- Hilda Simms
- Edgar Snow
- Moses Soyer
- Johannes Steel
- Vilhjammur Stefansson
- Mark Straus
- Jack Strauss
- Arthur Szyk
- Genevieve Tabouis
- Dalton Trumbo
- M.S. Vidaver
- Harry F. Ward
- Morris Watson
- Margaret Webster
- Orson Welles
- Mrs. Philip E. Wilcox
- Mitchell Wilson
- Carl Zigorsser
- Leanne Zugsmith
External sources