January 13 Events 532 - The Nika riots break out, during the racing season at the Hippodrome in Constantinople , as a result of discontent with the rule of the Emperor Justinian I . 1435 - Sicut Dudum , forbidding the enslavement of the Guanche natives in Canary Islands by the Spanish, is promulgated by Pope Eugene IV . 1547 - Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey , is sentenced to death for treason, on the grounds of having quartered his arms to make them similar to those of the King, Henry VIII of England . 1793 - Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville , representative of Revolutionary France , lynched by a mob in Rome 1797 - French Revolutionary Wars: A naval battle between a French ship of the line and two British frigates off the coast of Brittany ends with the French vessel running aground, resulting in over 900 deaths. 1815 - War of 1812: British troops capture Fort Peter in St. Marys, Georgia, the only battle of the war to take place in the state. 1822 - The design of the Greek flag is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus . 1833 - United States President Andrew Jackson writes to Vice President Martin Van Buren expressing his opposition to South Carolina's defiance of federal authority in the Nullification Crisis . 1840 - The steamship Lexington burns and sinks four miles off the coast of Long Island with the loss of 139 lives. 1842 - Dr. William Brydon , an assistant surgeon in the British East India Company Army during the First Anglo-Afghan War , becomes famous for being the sole survivor of an army of 4,500 men and 12,000 camp followers when he reaches the safety of a garrison in Jalalabad , Afghanistan. 1847 - The Treaty of Cahuenga ends the Mexican–American War in California . 1849 - Establishment of the Colony of Vancouver Island . 1849 - Second Anglo-Sikh War – Battle of Chillianwala: British forces retreat from the Sikhs. 1879 - In Mozart Gardens Brooklyn Ada Anderson completed a great feat of pedestrianism - 2700 quarter miles in 2700 quarter hours, earning her $8000. 1888 - The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C. 1893 - The Independent Labour Party of the United Kingdom holds its first meeting. 1893 - U.S. Marines land in Honolulu, Hawaii from the to prevent the queen from abrogating the Bayonet Constitution . 1895 - First Italo-Ethiopian War: the war's opening battle, the Battle of Coatit , occurs; it is an Italian victory. 1898 - Émile Zola's J'accuse…! exposes the Dreyfus affair . 1908 - The Rhoads Opera House fire in Boyertown, Pennsylvania kills 171 people. 1910 - The first public radio broadcast takes place; a live performance of the operas Cavalleria rusticana and Pagliacci are sent out over the airwaves from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. 1915 - The 6.7 Avezzano earthquake shakes the Province of L'Aquila in Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI, killing between 29,978–32,610. 1920 - The Reichstag Bloodbath of January 13, 1920 , the bloodiest demonstration in German history. 1935 - A plebiscite in Saarland shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Nazi Germany . 1939 - The Black Friday bushfires burn 20,000 square kilometers of land in Australia, claiming the lives of 71 people. 1942 - Henry Ford patents a plastic automobile, which is 30% lighter than a regular car. 1942 - World War II: First use of an aircraft ejection seat by a German test pilot in a Heinkel He 280 jet fighter. 1950 - British submarine collides with an oil tanker in the Thames Estuary , killing 64 men. 1950 - Finland forms diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China . 1951 - First Indochina War: The Battle of Vĩnh Yên begins. 1953 - An article appears in Pravda accusing some of the most prestigious and prominent doctors, mostly Jews, in the Soviet Union of taking part in a vast plot to poison members of the top Soviet political and military leadership. 1958 - The Moroccan Army of Liberation ambushes a Spanish patrol in the Battle of Edchera . 1963 - Coup d'état in Togo results in the assassination of president Sylvanus Olympio . 1964 - Anti-Muslim riots break out in Calcutta, resulting in 100 deaths. 1964 - In Manchester, New Hampshire , fourteen-year-old Pamela Mason is murdered. Edward Coolidge is tried and convicted of the crime, but the conviction is set aside by the landmark Fourth Amendment case Coolidge v. New Hampshire. 1966 - Robert C. Weaver becomes the first African American Cabinet member when he is appointed United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development . 1968 - Johnny Cash performs live at Folsom State Prison . 1972 - Prime Minister Kofi Abrefa Busia and President Edward Akufo-Addo of Ghana are ousted in a bloodless military coup by Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong . 1978 - United States Food and Drug Administration requires all blood donations to be labeled "paid" or "volunteer" donors. 1982 - Shortly after takeoff, Air Florida Flight 90 , a Boeing 737 jet, crashes into Washington, D.C.'s 14th Street Bridge and falls into the Potomac River , killing 78 including four motorists. 1985 - A passenger train plunges into a ravine in Ethiopia , killing 428 in the worst railroad disaster in Africa. 1986 - A month-long violent struggle begins in Aden, South Yemen between supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad and Abdul Fattah Ismail , resulting in thousands of casualties. 1988 - Lee Teng-hui becomes the first native Taiwanese President of the Republic of China . 1990 - Douglas Wilder becomes the first elected African American governor as he takes office as Governor of Virginia in Richmond, Virginia . 1991 - Soviet Union troops attack Lithuanian independence supporters in Vilnius , killing 14 people and wounding around 1000 others. 1993 - Space Shuttle program: Endeavour heads for space for the third time as STS-54 launches from the Kennedy Space Center . 1993 - The Chemical Weapons Convention is signed. 1998 - Alfredo Ormando sets himself on fire in St. Peter's Square, protesting against homophobia . 2001 - An earthquake hits El Salvador , killing more than 800. 2012 - The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia sinks off the coast of Italy due to the captain Francesco Schettino's negligence and irresponsibility. There are 32 confirmed deaths. 2018 - A false emergency alert warning of an impending missile strike in Hawaii caused widespread panic in the state. 2020 - Taal Volcano in the Philippines spews lava fountains while erupting in the crater.Births 5 BC - Guangwu of Han , Chinese emperor 101 - Lucius Aelius , Roman adopted son of Hadrian 915 - Al-Hakam II , Umayyad caliph 1334 - Henry II , king of Castile and León 1338 - Jeong Mong-ju , Korean civil minister, diplomat and scholar 1400 - Infante John, Constable of Portugal 1477 - Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland 1505 - Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg 1562 - Mark Alexander Boyd , Scottish poet and soldier 1596 - Jan van Goyen , Dutch painter and illustrator 1610 - Maria Anna of Bavaria , archduchess of Austria 1616 - Antoinette Bourignon , French-Flemish mystic and author 1651 - Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington , English soldier and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer 1683 - Christoph Graupner , German harpsichord player and composer 1720 - Richard Hurd , English bishop 1749 - Maler Müller , German poet, painter, and playwright 1787 - John Davis , American lawyer and politician, 14th Governor of Massachusetts 1804 - Paul Gavarni , French illustrator 1805 - Thomas Dyer , American lawyer and politician, 18th Mayor of Chicago 1808 - Salmon P. Chase, American jurist and politician, 6th Chief Justice of the United States 1810 - Ernestine Rose , American suffragist, abolitionist, and freethinker 1812 - Victor de Laprade , French poet and critic 1832 - Horatio Alger, Jr., American novelist and journalist 1845 - Félix Tisserand , French astronomer and academic 1858 - Oskar Minkowski , Lithuanian-German biologist and academic 1859 - Kostis Palamas , Greek poet and playwright 1861 - Max Nonne , German neurologist and academic 1864 - Wilhelm Wien , German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate 1865 - Princess Marie of Orléans 1866 - Vasily Kalinnikov , Russian bassoon player and composer 1866 - George Gurdjieff , Russian-French mystic and philosopher 1869 - Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta 1870 - Ross Granville Harrison , American biologist and anatomist 1878 - Lionel Groulx , Canadian priest and historian 1881 - Essington Lewis , Australian engineer and businessman 1883 - Nathaniel Cartmell , American runner and coach 1885 - Alfred Fuller , Canadian-American businessman, founded the Fuller Brush Company 1886 - Art Ross , Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach 1887 - Sophie Tucker , Russian-born American singer and actress 1890 - Jüri Uluots , Estonian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia 1892 - Ermanno Aebi , Italian-Swiss footballer 1893 - Charles Arnison , English lieutenant and pilot 1893 - Roy Cazaly , Australian footballer and coach 1893 - Clark Ashton Smith , American poet, sculptor, painter, and author 1893 - Chaim Soutine , Belarusian-French painter 1900 - Shimizugawa Motokichi , Japanese sumo wrestler 1900 - Gertrude Mary Cox , American mathematician 1901 - A. B. Guthrie, Jr., American novelist, screenwriter, historian 1901 - Mieczysław Żywczyński , Polish priest and historian 1902 - Karl Menger , Austrian-American mathematician from the Vienna Circle 1904 - Richard Addinsell , English composer 1904 - Nathan Milstein , Ukrainian-American violinist and composer 1904 - Dick Rowley , Irish footballer, centre forward 1905 - Kay Francis , American actress 1905 - Jack London , English sprinter and pianist 1906 - Zhou Youguang , Chinese linguist, sinologist, and academic 1909 - Helm Glöckler , German race car driver 1910 - Yannis Tsarouchis , Greek painter and illustrator 1911 - Joh Bjelke-Petersen , New Zealand-Australian farmer and politician, 31st Premier of Queensland 1914 - Osa Massen , Danish-American actress 1914 - Ted Willis, Baron Willis , English author, playwright, and screenwriter 1919 - Robert Stack , American actor 1921 - Necati Cumalı , Greek-Turkish author and poet 1921 - Dachine Rainer , American-English author and poet 1921 - Arthur Stevens , English footballer, outside right (d. 2007 Deaths 86 BC - Gaius Marius , Roman general and politician 533 - Remigius , French bishop and saint 614 - Mungo , English-Scottish bishop and saint 703 - Jitō , Japanese emperor 858 - Æthelwulf , king of Wessex 888 - Charles the Fat , Frankish king and emperor 927 - Berno of Cluny , Frankish monk and abbot 1001 - Fujiwara no Teishi , Japanese empress 1147 - Robert de Craon , Grand Master of the Knights Templar 1151 - Suger , French historian and politician 1177 - Henry II, count palatine and duke of Austria 1321 - Bonacossa Borri , Italian noblewoman 1330 - Frederick I , duke and king of Germany 1363 - Meinhard III , German nobleman 1400 - Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester , English politician 1599 - Edmund Spenser , English poet, Chief Secretary for Ireland 1612 - Jane Dormer , English lady-in-waiting 1625 - Jan Brueghel the Elder , Flemish painter 1684 - Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk , English nobleman 1691 - George Fox , English religious leader, founded the Religious Society of Friends 1717 - Maria Sibylla Merian , German entomologist and illustrator 1775 - Johann Georg Walch , German theologian and author 1790 - Luc Urbain de Bouëxic , French admiral 1796 - John Anderson , Scottish philosopher and educator 1832 - Thomas Lord , English cricketer, founded Lord's Cricket Ground 1838 - Ferdinand Ries , German pianist and composer 1860 - William Mason , American surgeon and politician 1864 - Stephen Foster , American composer and songwriter 1872 - William Scamp , English architect and engineer 1882 - Wilhelm Mauser , German engineer and businessman, co-founded the Mauser Company 1885 - Schuyler Colfax , American journalist and politician, 17th Vice President of the United States 1889 - Solomon Bundy , American lawyer and politician 1905 - George Thorn , Australian farmer and politician, 6th Premier of Queensland 1906 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov , Russian physicist and academic 1907 - Jakob Hurt , Estonian theologist and linguist 1915 - Mary Slessor , Scottish-Nigerian missionary 1916 - Victoriano Huerta , Mexican military officer and president, 1913–1914 1923 - Alexandre Ribot , French academic and politician, Prime Minister of France 1924 - Georg Hermann Quincke , German physicist and academic 1929 - Wyatt Earp , American police officer 1929 - H. B. Higgins, Irish-Australian judge and politician, 3rd Attorney-General for Australia 1934 - Paul Ulrich Villard , French physicist and chemist 1941 - James Joyce , Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet 1943 - Sophie Taeuber-Arp , Swiss painter and sculptor 1956 - Lyonel Feininger , German-American painter and illustrator 1957 - A. E. Coppard English poet and short story writer 1958 - Jesse L. Lasky, American film producer, co-founded Paramount Pictures 1962 - Ernie Kovacs , American actor and game show host 1963 - Sylvanus Olympio, Togolese businessman and politician, President of Togo 1967 - Anatole de Grunwald , Russian-English screenwriter and producer 1971 - Robert Still , English composer and educator 1973 - Sabahattin Eyüboğlu , Turkish screenwriter and producer 1974 - Raoul Jobin , Canadian tenor and educator 1974 - Salvador Novo , Mexican playwright and poet 1976 - Margaret Leighton , English actress 1977 - Henri Langlois , Turkish-French historian, co-founded the Cinémathèque Française 1978 - Hubert Humphrey , American pharmacist, academic, and politician, 38th Vice President of the United States 1978 - Joe McCarthy , American baseball player and manager 1979 - Donny Hathaway , American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer 1979 - Marjorie Lawrence , Australian-American soprano 1980 - Andre Kostelanetz , Russian-American conductor 1982 - Marcel Camus , French director and screenwriter 1983 - René Bonnet , French race car driver and engineer 1986 - Abdul Fattah Ismail, Yemeni educator and politician, 4th President of South Yemen 1986 - Kevin Longbottom , Australian rugby league player 1988 - Chiang Ching-kuo , Chinese politician, President of the Republic of China 1993 - Camargo Guarnieri , Brazilian composer and conductor 1995 - Max Harris , Australian journalist, poet, and author 2002 - Frank Shuster , Canadian actor, comedian, and screenwriter 2003 - Norman Panama , American director and screenwriter 2004 - Arne Næss, Jr., Norwegian businessman and mountaineer 2005 - Earl Cameron , Canadian journalist 2005 - Nell Rankin , American soprano and actress 2006 - Frank Fixaris , American journalist and sportscaster 2006 - Marc Potvin , Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach 2007 - Michael Brecker , American saxophonist and composer 2007 - Danny Oakes , American race car driver 2008 - Johnny Podres , American baseball player and coach 2009 - Dai Llewellyn , Welsh humanitarian activist and politician 2009 - Patrick McGoohan , Irish-American actor, director, and producer 2009 - Mansour Rahbani , Lebanese poet, composer, and producer 2009 - W. D. Snodgrass, American poet 2009 - Nancy Bird Walton , Australian pilot 2010 - Teddy Pendergrass , American singer-songwriter 2011 - Albert Heijn , Dutch businessman 2012 - Rauf Denktaş , Turkish-Cypriot lawyer and politician, 1st President of Northern Cyprus 2012 - Guido Dessauer , German physicist and engineer 2012 - Miljan Miljanić , Serbian footballer and manager 2013 - Diogenes Allen , American philosopher and theologian 2013 - Rodney Mims Cook, Sr., American lieutenant and politician 2013 - Chia-Chiao Lin , Chinese-American mathematician and academic 2014 - Bobby Collins , Scottish footballer and manager 2014 - Randal Tye Thomas , American journalist and politician 2014 - Waldemar von Gazen , German general and lawyer 2015 - Mark Juddery , Australian journalist and author 2015 - Robert White , American soldier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Paraguay 2016 - Brian Bedford , English-American actor and director 2016 - Giorgio Gomelsky , Georgian-American director, producer, songwriter, and manager 2016 - Lawrence Phillips , American football player 2017 - Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon , English photographer and sometime member of the British royal family 2017 - Dick Gautier , American actor 2017 - Magic Alex , Greek electronics engineer 2019 - Phil Masinga , South African footballerHolidays and observances Christian feast day: *Blessed Veronica of Milan *Elian *Hilary of Poitiers *Mungo *St. Knut's Day or Tjugondag Knut , the last day of Christmas. *January 13 Constitution Day Democracy Day Korean-American Day Liberation Day Old New Year's Eve, and its related observances: *Malanka Sidereal winter solstice's eve celebrations in South and Southeast Asian cultures; the last day of the six-month Dakshinayana period : *Bhogi *Lohri *Uruka Stephen Foster Memorial Day Yennayer
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