Jones' birthplace was on a farm about one mile northwest of the town of Smyrna, Delaware. His father was a farmer of exemplary moral and religious character and his mother was of a family greatly respected. She died when he was an infant. His father soon followed her to the grave and at four years of age he was an orphan. It is not clear how he became a doctor. Educated in medicine and practicing as a doctor, he was later appointed as Clerk of the Delaware Supreme Court. He was married to Anna Matilda Sykes, daughter of James Sykesthe 15thGovernor of Delaware; she died before he joined the United States Navy.
Midshipman
Jones joined the United States Navy in 1799 at the age of 31, very old for the times, when a midshipman could be as young as 10. Some think he joined the Navy because of grief after the death of his wife. He spent 22 months as an acting midshipman.
Lieutenant
During the Quasi-War with France, he served under Commodore John Barry in the frigate and was commissioned a lieutenant 27 February 1801. Jones joined the crew of on 24 May 1803 as second lieutenant. On 31 October 1803, he was taken prisoner with the rest of Philadelphias crew by the Bey of Tripoli and held until liberated in June 1805.
Master Commandant
On April 20, 1810, Jones received promotion to master commandant, and on June 4, he took command of. In October 1812, Jones and Wasp sailed on an Atlantic cruise. On 13 October he captured the British 12-gun brig HMS Dolphin. Despite storm damage to his ship, he attacked a British convoy on 18 October and, following an intense battle, captured the Royal Navysloop of war, in a battle that became quite famous. Both combatants were seriously damaged and he soon fell victim to the powerful ship of the line. Still, Jones was widely admired and when he returned to the United States after an exchange of prisoners, he received a gold medal from the United States Congress.
Captain
Jones was promoted to the rank of captain in March 1813 and given command of the frigate. He spent time in Decatur's squadron, which was bottled up at New London during 1814. Later, Captain Jones was sent to the Lake Ontario theater, where he commanded the frigate during the last year of the war. During the second and final Barbary War, in 1815, Jones again commanded Macedonian. Service as captain of the frigate followed in 1816–1818.
Commodore
Jones was Commodore of the United States' squadrons in the Mediterranean in 1821–1823 and in the Pacific in 1826–1829. He was a Navy Commissioner in Washington, DC, between those tours at sea and held important commands ashore at Baltimore and New York during the 1830s and 1840s. He received his final assignment, as commandant of the Philadelphia Naval Asylum in 1847. Commodore Jacob Jones held that position until his death.
