Jōgū Shōtoku Hōō Teisetsu


Jōgū Shōtoku Hōō Teisetsu, also read as Jōgū Shōtoku Hōō Taisetsu, is a biography of Shōtoku Taishi. It is one scroll in length and is a National Treasure of Japan.

Background

The author of the text is unknown. It originally belonged to Hōryū-ji, but it was transferred to Chion-in in 1879.
The text consists of five distinct sections written over distinct time periods. In addition, the reverse side also contains some content.
While some parts seem to have been written by the early eighth century, the complete manuscript dates from around 1050.

Contents

The first section lists Shōtoku's genealogy, including his mother and father, wife, and children. This is the oldest section and was written sometime before 701 or 708.
The second section describes his achievements. These include his Buddhist contributions such as his sutras as well as the enactment of the Twelve Level Cap and Rank System.
The third section contains the full text of three inscriptions:
Much of the text of the curtain is now lost, so this text is invaluable in reconstructing the missing text. It also contains three poems from Kose no Mitsue.
The fourth section contains a number of historical events. These include the introduction of Buddhism to Japan from Baekje, the creation of the Seventeen-article constitution, the destruction of the Yamashiro family by Soga no Emishi and Soga no Iruka, and the destruction of Soga no Emishi and Soga no Iruka by Naka-no-Ōe. This section was written between 708 and 715.
The fifth section details the reigns of five generations of rulers: Emperor Kinmei, Emperor Bidatsu, Emperor Yōmei, Emperor Sushun, and Empress Suiko. Included is the years of their reigns, death, and tomb information. Finally, it concludes with Shōtoku's own death.
The reverse side of the scroll contains details about Soga no Umako and the construction of the Yamada-dera and Han'nya-ji temples.