Ipomedon is a romance composed in Anglo-Norman verse by Hue de Rotelande in the late 12th century at Credenhill near Hereford. In the sequel Protheselaus, which must have been composed slightly later, Hue acknowledges as his patron Gilbert fitzBaderon, lord of Monmouth. Gilbert's death in or just before 1191 gives an approximate terminus ante quem to both romances. Ipomedon is comparatively rich in references to the real world in which the poet lived. He names himself in full Hue de Rotelande and confirms that his house was at Credenhill: A Credehulle a ma meisun. He mentions the siege ofRouen by King Louis VII of France in 1174, and also names a Welsh king called "Ris", almost certainlyRhys ap Gruffydd. He has a backhanded compliment for the well-known writerWalter Map, evidently a friend or rival: Sul ne sai pas de mentir l'art: Walter Map reset ben sa part. A certain "Huge de Hungrie" who appears in the poem as a seducer of women is generally thought to represent Hugh, canon of Hereford, another friend or rival. Many of the names of characters are inspired by the Roman de Thebes, a medieval retelling of the ancient mythological tales of Thebes composed around 1150 by a French poet in the court of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. The story of Ipomedon cannot be traced to this, or to the romances of Chrétien de Troyes as argued by Kölbing, or to any other single source. It is essentially a new story, in which the knight Ipomedon, in love with a princess, conceals his identity and serves her as cupbearer. He departs to show his knightly prowess in overseas adventures; returns to take part in a three-day tournament under three different disguises; defends his heroine from three monsters, still disguised; then, finally, reveals his identity and triumphantly marries her. The style is often parodic and burlesque, sometimes also erotic. This is the only known text that provides the Anglo-Norman form of what is now an English four-letter word: "If all the parts of her body were so beautiful, what do you say of the part underneath that we call 'cunt'?" "I think it was nice and small." Ipomedon was widely popular. It is known from several manuscripts, and there is one surviving fragment of a version in which the Anglo-Norman dialect has been converted to continental Old French. At least three translations into middle English exist. A prose version entitled The Life of Ipomydon, translated by Robert Copland, was published by Wynkyn de Worde at the end of the 15th century.
