Internal intercostal muscles


The internal intercostal muscles are a group of skeletal muscles located between the ribs. They are eleven in number on either side. They commence anteriorly at the sternum, in the intercostal spaces between the cartilages of the true ribs, and at the anterior extremities of the cartilages of the false ribs, and extend backward as far as the angles of the ribs, hence they are continued to the vertebral column by thin aponeuroses, the posterior intercostal membranes.

Structure

Their fibers are also directed obliquely, but pass in a direction opposite to those of the external intercostal muscles.
For the most part, they are muscles of exhalation. In exhalation the interosseous portions of the internal intercostal muscles,, depresses and retracts the ribs, compressing the thoracic cavity and expelling air. The internal intercostals, however, are only used in forceful exhalation such as coughing or during exercise and not in relaxed breathing. The external intercostal muscles, and the intercartilaginous part of the internal intercostal muscles,, are used in inspiration, by aiding in elevating the ribs and expanding the thoracic cavity.

Additional images