In June 2006, following criticism over the government's response to the natural disaster caused by Hurricane Katrina, President George W. Bush signed Executive Order 13407 ordering the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a new program to integrate and modernize the nation's existing population warning systems. These systems include the:
The new network, subsequently termed the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System is designed to integrate these various systems into one modern network, and also update them to take into account newer forms of communication such as cellular telephony and Cell Broadcast, satellite and cable television, electronic billboards and the internet.
Organization
The program is organized and funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, an agency of the Department of Homeland Security. The system allows for alerts to be originated by Federal, State, local and tribal officials, and subsequently disseminated to the public using a range of national and local alerting systems including EAS, CMAS and NWR. The system uses open standard digital formats such as the EDXL-based Common Alerting Protocol v1.2 for its messages, allowing for interoperable dissemination to a wide range of third party receivers.
IPAWS-OPEN
Integrated Public Alert & Warning System Open Platform for Emergency Networks is an IP based network that has integrated the different emergency alert systems of the United States. Its purpose is to connect alert originators to a server which then aggregates and disseminates alerts to the proper systems. IPAWS-OPEN uses CAP.
Progress
In December 2009, the DHS reached agreement with the Federal Communications Commission and the two main telecommunication industry bodies Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions and Telecommunications Industry Association to establish a specification for the interface between CMAS and commercial mobile carriers. Under this agreement, the industry was given a 28-month period to develop, test and deploy a system to allow CMAS alerts to be disseminated to mobile devices. Specifically, the system will allow 90-character SMS to be pushed to all cellphones and pagers in a geographical area, warning of imminent dangers to life or property. The first such gateway was expected to open in early 2011. In January 2010, the first live code testing of the EAS was conducted in Alaska. The first ever nationwide test of the system took place on November 9, 2011. In September 2010, FEMA announced IPAWS would be utilizing Open Platform for Emergency Networks to move standards-based alert and information messages between alert and warning systems.
