In-yer-face theatre
In-yer-face theatre is a style of drama that emerged in Great Britain in the 1990s. This term was borrowed by British theatre critic Aleks Sierz as the title of his book, In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today, first published by Faber and Faber in March 2001. An adjunct faculty member in Boston University's London graduate journalism programme, and co-editor of TheatreVoice, Sierz uses in-yer-face theatre to describe work by young playwrights who present vulgar, shocking, and confrontational material on stage as a means of involving and affecting their audiences. According to Sierz, "The big three of in-yer-face theatre are Sarah Kane, Mark Ravenhill and Anthony Neilson"; in listing 14 "Other hot shots" in "Who?" on his website, Sierz adds the following qualification: "Of course, some writers wrote one or two in-yer-face plays and then moved on. Like all categories, this one can't hope to completely grasp the ever-changing reality of the explosive new writing scene."
Literary-cultural origins
employs the colloquial slang term in your face to describe contemporary theatre dialogue in his play Japes, which premiered in London, in early February 2001. In the play, Michael Cartts, a middle-aged author, rages against a new kind of writing that he describes as "in your face". After watching a new play by a young playwright, Cartts describes the stage characters as follows:Appropriating the slang British spelling used by the band In Yer Face, extending the theatrical contexts exposed in Gray's play Japes, and, as the OED observes, employing the more-frequently-hyphenated adjectival form, Sierz used in yer face in his category "in-yer-face theatre" as defined in his book of that title.
Process of critical categorising
The process of appropriating and applying such a pre-existing phrase or concept to describe new theatrical works provides a critical means of "categorizing" or "labelling", and some critics have stated, "pigeonholing", or "domesticating" them. The creation of in-yer-face theatre parallels the history of more-prevalently accepted literary-critical coinages by critics like Martin Esslin, who extended the existential philosophical concept of the Absurd to drama and theatre in his 1961 book of that title, and Irving Wardle, who borrowed the phrase from the subtitle of , by David Campton, in 1958 reviews of productions of Campton's play and of The Birthday Party, by Harold Pinter, applying Campton's subtitle to Pinter's work.In-yer-face theatre has often been mistakenly categorised as being a ‘movement’ which Sierz has disputed:
2002 conference on "in-yer-face theatre"
"In-yer-face theatre" was debated at a two-day conference at the University of the West of England, held in 2002, at which Sierz was a keynote speaker. Sierz's own report on the conference is archived on his website.In summarising the results of the conference, co-conveners Graham Saunders and Rebecca D'Monté observe that Sierz acknowledged that by 2002 "in-yer-face theatre" had already become an historical phenomenon, going on to state:
Another conference report, published by Writernet, states: "to be shackled to a specific era or genre places a responsibility on a play and creates expectations before a reading or performance. In essence, it disrupts the artistic integrity through preconceived notions of a play because of a simplified label. Plays and playwrights risk being annexed or 'ghetto-ised' when given a superficial monolithic focus."
Writernet adds: "This problem was reflected in number of papers from all over the world, which primarily explored the works of Sarah Kane and Mark Ravenhill through theoretical lenses of postmodernism, metaphysical theatre, Artaud's theatre of cruelty, and Lacan. Through no fault of the organizers – this was apparently an accurate reflection of the conference submissions."
Yet, this report observes also that, "In his own defense, Sierz stipulated that 'in-yer-face' was not a movement, but an 'arena' or 'a sensibility'," and that "In-yer-face theatre describes only a part of the body of works during the 1990s." It notices, moreover, that Sierz "accepted the limitations of his book and the label, acknowledging it as both London-centric and limited in its scope."
Nevertheless, it cites "Max Stafford-Clark," who, "when asked about plays in the 1990s," reportedly observed that "Everybody’s looking at the same view, so the paintings are bound to have similarities."
Notable people associated with ''in-yer-face theatre''
- Kate Ashfield
- Simon Block
- Jez Butterworth
- David Eldridge
- debbie tucker green
- Nick Grosso
- Alex Jones
- Sarah Kane
- Dennis Kelly
- Tracy Letts
- Patrick Marber
- Martin McDonagh
- Phyllis Nagy
- Anthony Neilson
- Joe Penhall
- Rebecca Prichard
- Mark Ravenhill
- Philip Ridley
- John Roman Baker
- Max Stafford-Clark
- Judy Upton
- Naomi Wallace
- Richard Zajdlic
Major works
- The Pitchfork Disney by Philip Ridley
- The Fastest Clock in the Universe by Philip Ridley
- Penetrator by Anthony Neilson
- Ghost from a Perfect Place by Philip Ridley
- Butterfly Kiss by Phyllis Nagy
- Trainspotting by Harry Gibson, an adaptation from the eponymous novel by Irvine Welsh
- Blasted by Sarah Kane
- Mojo by Jez Butterworth
- Shopping and Fucking by Mark Ravenhill
- The Beauty Queen of Leenane by Martin McDonagh
- Attempts on Her Life by Martin Crimp
- The Censor by Anthony Neilson
- Closer by Patrick Marber
- Yard Girl by Rebecca Prichard
- Cleansed by Sarah Kane
- Real Classy Affair by Nick Grosso
- Stitching by Anthony Nielson
- Mercury Fur by Philip Ridley
Other plays
- Simon Donald - The Life of Stuff
- John Roman Baker - Easy, In One Take, East Side Skin