Ilanda Wilds
Ilanda Wilds is a nature reserve along Amanzimtoti River in the town of Amanzimtoti, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This small area of land contains various habitat types, ranging from steep rocky slopes to various riverine habitats, forest and small patches of grassland.
History
A portion of Ilanda Wilds was a quarry site. Once the site was abandoned, it was decided by the former Wildlife Society of South Africa to be rehabilitated as a nature reserve to protect the wide diversity of plants in the area and was proclaimed in the 1960s after interaction between local residents, the Wildlife Society and the Local Council of Amanzimtoti. According to Colleen Gill:With the help of "a handful of enthusiasts" and the assistance of T. C. Robertson, the local council agreed to preserve the area of Ilanda Wilds. In March 1972, Stan Craven, then chairman of the local Wildlife Society, arranged the formation of a steering committee for the proposed development of Ilanda Wilds. Volunteers supervised local workers to remove invasive species, made trails and labelled indigenous trees. In 1977 "control of Ilanda Wilds moved from the Wildlife Society back to council". In the early 1990s a memorial was built to King Shaka's naming of Amanzimtoti; he led his army down the south coast on a raid against the Pondos in 1828 and rested on the banks of a river and drank the water, then exclaimed "Kanti amanzi mtoti". It was decided by local council members to place the memorial in Ilanda Wilds, as this was a convenient place next to the river, even though no one knows the actual site where King Shaka rested and drank the water. During the late 1980s and early 1990s Ilanda Wilds reached its peak of development with well maintained paths, bridges and ablution facilities. However the increasing crime situation in South Africa during the 1990s did not leave Ilanda Wilds untouched, and theft from motor vehicles that were left unattended at Ilanda Wilds became commonplace. The ablution facilities were also continuously vandalized and it was decided to demolish them. According to Keith Walters who was in charge of maintaining Ilanda Wilds:
s on the cliffs
And:
In 2009 a committee was set up by members of the local community under the guidance of Jomo Sibisi. It was intended to upgrade Ilanda Wilds for environmental education of local school children, and to provide guided walks to foreign visitors to the 2010 World Cup. Mr. Sibisi encouraged the municipality to deploy a field ranger to Ilanda Wilds. A field ranger by the name of Musa Mfeka was deployed to Ilanda Wilds in 2009 to prevent grazing of cattle, harvesting of medicinal plants, dumping of rubbish and garden refuse, and to protect the local wildlife. Mr. Sibisi also intended to have a Zulu Village built on the floodplain around the memorial to King Shaka's naming of the Amanzimtoti River where traditional Zulu items could be sold to tourists. The building of the village was intended to "show how the area was in the old days", however it was advised that the building of the village would not pass an environmental impact assessment, and that there had never been a Zulu Village at the site when King Shaka passed through the area. Mr. Sibisi also allegedly supervised the cutting of an unidentified tree below the cliffs in Ilanda Wilds where a wooden stage was to be built for traditional dancing and church choirs to perform in the centre of Ilanda Wilds. The old parking area was enlarged with soil and rubble, and some indigenous trees were partially covered over, to facilitate a parking area big enough for school buses to turn around in, and a local company donated a park home to be used as a museum and environmental education facility. No environmental impact assessments were done concerning these developments. The park home was subsequently vandalized, and local sangomas or inyangas defaced it with muti out of revenge for being chastised for debarking local trees for medicinal use. Other intentions of some members of the committee were to develop a motorbike track in the reserve, a concrete boating slip-way, and a restaurant on top of the cliffs. Some alien plant control was allegedly encouraged by Mr. Sibisi, but in the process some indigenous vegetation in the form of large Dalbergia obovata specimens were mistaken for invasive Pereskia aculeata and cut and poisoned, resulting in rapid growth of the real Pereskia. The committee collapsed in late 2009 due to a lack of support from the community and a lack of support and feedback from the municipality. The field ranger was redeployed in mid-2010 to Silverglen Nature Reserve. A herd of 29 cattle were subsequently free to overgraze the floodplain areas, despite appeals to the metro police, the municipality and the cow herder. Sangomas and inyangas freely use the area to collect muti and to conduct ceremonies involving placing muti in the river, vomiting in the river, and slaughtering chickens and goats in the reserve and spreading the remains around where they are left to rot. One inyanga claimed:
It has since emerged that Ilanda Wilds is not an official Nature Reserve and is not on the list of nature reserves to be proclaimed by Ethekwini Municipality. The area is instead zoned in part as "Coastal Bush" and in part as "Public Open Space" by the municipality:
During 2010, a local group entitled Friends of Amanzimtoti Green Areas has been undertaking to keep an eye on Ilanda Wilds to report on the problems there and to encourage the municipality to take better care of the area for its rich biodiversity, with the intention to have Ilanda Wilds proclaimed an official nature reserve, and to have it as the center of a conservancy.
According to Sibusiso Mkhwanazi :
Etymology
The name Ilanda Wilds stems from the isiZulu word for cattle egret and English 'Wilds' meaning "wild area". It has been proposed that the correct spelling should be eLanda Wilds meaning "Place of the Cattle Egret; wild area". The cattle egret was chosen as a symbol as these birds used to roost in large numbers in the reeds and trees along the banks of the river.Conservation Significance
Ilanda Wilds was declared "An Area of Conservation Significance" by KZN Wildlife in the 1990s, and a certificate was issued in this respect. The area has a high biodiversity and many habitat types for such a small area.Ilanda Wilds is the site of the southern-most natural specimen of the Natal white stinkwood. This species of tree is uncommon and at one stage was classified as the rarest tree species in South Africa. The tree at Ilanda Wilds miraculously survived the mining operations and was already a large specimen when the reserve was proclaimed, and may be over 100 years old. Ilanda Wilds contains around 120 species of trees and shrubs, including two large Fluted Milkwoods.
The reserve is also an important wintering site for the endangered spotted ground-thrush, and provides habitat for the blackheaded dwarf chameleon, which is endemic to KwaZulu-Natal. Cape clawless otters are also resident in Ilanda Wilds.
Wildlife
Species of Amanzimtoti River and Ilanda Wilds:Vertebrates
Mammals
, bushpig, Cape clawless otter, large-spotted genet, banded mongoose, water mongoose, large grey mongoose, porcupine, greater cane rat, vervet monkey. There are also several smaller mammal species such as bats, rodents and shrews.Birds
A small selection of the species recorded:Reed cormorant, white-breasted cormorant, green-backed heron, black egret, purple heron, black-headed heron, wooly-necked stork, hamerkop, African spoonbill, Egyptian goose, African black duck, yellow-billed duck, black crake, African jacana, long-crested eagle, African fish eagle, African goshawk, osprey, African harrier-hawk, tambourine dove, emerald-spotted dove, Narina trogon, purple-crested turaco, Burchell's coucal, spotted eagle owl, giant kingfisher, pied kingfisher, brown-hooded kingfisher, pygmy kingfisher, half-collared kingfisher, malachite kingfisher, red-billed woodhoopoe, crowned hornbill, trumpeter hornbill, black-headed oriole, spotted ground-thrush, starred robin, chorister robin, plum-coloured starling, forest weaver, thick-billed weaver.