Hvoyna dialect

Phonological and morphological characteristics

• Merger of Old Church Slavonic big yus ѫ, little yus ѧ, ь and ъ into ъ in a stressed syllable and into a slightly reduced a in an unstressed syllable: къшта, клътва vs. formal Bulgarian клетва
• Broad e for Old Church Slavonic yat in all positions and regardless of the word stress and the character of the following syllable: бл/бли vs. formal Bulgarian бял/бели, голм/голми vs. formal Bulgarian голям/големи. The broad e has also replaced Old Bulgarian я in all positions: доаштер vs. formal Bulgarian дъштера
• Triple definite article: -ът, -та, -то, -т for general cases, -ъс, -са, -со, -с for objects situated close to the speaker and -ън, -на, -но, -н for objects situated far from the speaker. The Batak subdialect, however, has a single definite article, as in formal Bulgarian
• A number of well-preserved case forms: common oblique case forms for family and personal names ; dative forms for sing. nouns: сину vs. formal Bulgarian на сина, etc.