In music, hocket is the rhythmiclinear technique using the alternation of notes, pitches, or chords. In medieval practice of hocket, a single melody is shared between two voices such that alternately one voice sounds while the other rests.
History
In European music, hocket or hoquet was used primarily in vocal and choral music of the 13th and early 14th centuries. It was a predominant characteristic of music of the Notre Dame school, during the ars antiqua, in which it was found in sacred vocal music and string compositions. In the 14th century, this compositional device was most often found in secular vocal music. Although the term is in reference to this secular music of the 13th and 14th centuries in France, the technique under other names could be heard in different types of music across the world as early as the 11th century. As alternating or trading melodies between instruments had well been developed earlier in time to eventually influence the medieval usage of the technique. The term originated in reference to medieval French motets, though the technique remains in common use in contemporary music, popular music, Indonesiangamelan music, Andeansiku music, Ukrainian and Russian kuvytsi ensembles, Lithuanian skudučiai ensembles, handbell music, rara street processions in Haiti, as well as in the gaga in the Dominican Republic and many African cultures such as the Ba-Benzélé, Mbuti, Basarwa, the Gumuz tribe from the Blue Nile Province, and Gogo. It is also evident in drum and bugle corps drumline music, colloquially known as "split parts" or simply "splits". The use of hocketing is in reference to a broken melody line between two or more instruments or vocals, many contemporary artists freely integrate hocketing techniques with other composition devices such as alternating melodies, trading multiple melodic sections, or translating them between instruments or switching intervals of melody, or composing interlocking melodies shared between instruments. Hocket technique typically implied sharing a vocal on the vowels or having a sequence of notes spliced between instruments or vocals with certain notes in the melody being the moments of exchange. Interlocking notes are not a phenomenon in music unique to hocketing, alternating melody techniques have many uses through composition such as enabling certain vocals or instruments to become more audible than others, or effectively combining into a sequential chord, or by splitting the vocals or instruments between audio sources. While hoquet is an antiquated term and in contemporary practice is usually used alongside other melodic compositional devices and experimentation, it has found use in funk, and stereo panning, among other modern techniques typically used in similar style, and in multiple track recordings is often used artificially while editing arrangements of the song. The group Dirty Projectors have used hocketing and other antiquated techniques prominently as an element of their music, experimenting with instruments as well as vocals in the style of hocketing or melodic intervals, particularly with interlocking or alternating melodies, though not all these techniques are explicitly the "hoquet" method. The group's frontman Dave Longstreth has expressed his interest and surprise in the medieval origins of the experimental techniques in use by the band.
Etymology
The term comes from the French wordhoquet meaning "a shock, sudden interruption, hitch, hiccup," and similar onomatopeic words in Celtic, Breton, Dutch and other languages. The words were Latinized as hoquetus, oketus, and ochetus. Earlier etymologies tried to show derivation from Arabic, which are no longer favored.
