Henry Arthur Goddard was born in West Hackney, Middlesex, England on 13 December 1869, the son of an insurance clerk. Goddard migrated to Australia in 1890. He settled in Brisbane where he worked as a clerk. He experimented with growing barley on the Darling Downs. He was also consul for Paraguay from 1906 to 1915. In England, Goddard had been a sergeant in the Essex Rifle Volunteers. On 30 November 1899 he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Moreton Regiment of the Queensland Defence Force. On 11 February 1913 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and given command of the regiment. On his many business trips overseas he observed military manoeuvres in Europe.
When the First World War broke out in 1914, Goddard was placed in charge of the Brisbane defences. On 16 March 1915 he joined the Australian Imperial Force with the rank of lieutenant colonel and was given command of the 25th Infantry Battalion. He expected to take this battalion overseas but on 9 May 1915 he was suddenly ordered to take over command of the 17th Infantry Battalion, which was about to sail for Egypt. Goddard considered it a great blow to have to leave the battalion that he had built up, and a definite setback to his career. He took charge of the 17th Battalion on 12 May, on board the transport ship Themistocles. The 17th Battalion arrived in Egypt on 12 June 1915 where it trained until ordered forward to Anzac Cove, and departed for Gallipoli on 16 August 1915. It left without Goddard, who was hospitalised with intestinal poisoning. He managed to get himself cleared by the medical authorities and departed on the next available ship, the Southland, which was torpedoed en route on 2 September. Goddard made it Anzac four days later. That day, he took over command of Quinn's Post, the most exposed and one of the most dangerous position on the line. He remained in command of Quinn's Post until Anzac was evacuated on 20 December 1915. Goddard was in command of the last party there and departed the post at 2:35am. The 17th Battalion arrived at Lemnos on 20 December 1915, and Alexandria on 4 January 1916. It proceeded to Tel El Kebir four days later. Goddard had managed to remain in the line at Gallipoli only by ignoring a serious case of dysentery. Now he was admitted to hospital on 18 January 1916. On 10 April, he was evacuated to Australia, arriving on 18 May. Cleared by the medical board, Goddard travelled to Sydney on 16 July 1916 to rejoin the AIF. On 1 August he sailed from Melbourne on board HMAT Miltiades, a troop transport. Reporting to AIF Headquarters in London on 26 September, he was on 13 October once again given command of a New South Wales battalion preparing to embark, the 35th Infantry Battalion, part of the new 3rd Division, training on the Salisbury Plain in England. The battalion arrived in France on 22 November 1916. Goddard led the 35th Battalion at Messines, Broodseinde and Passchendaele. For his part, Goddard was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Order in the 1918 New Year Honours. He was acting commander of the 9th Infantry Brigade for short periods in May, August and October 1917 and for over a month from 5 January 1918 to 18 February 1918. On 3 April 1918, Brigadier General Charles Rosenthal placed Goddard in command of all troops at Villers-Bretonneux, where he established his headquarters. The next morning the Germans attacked his force. A full-scale battle developed, the First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux controlled by Goddard, who acted as a brigade commander. For this battle, Goddard was again mentioned in despatches. At the Second Battle of Morlancourt on 5 May 1918, Rosenthal once again placed Goddard in command of the main operation. Then, on 21 May, Goddard took over as commander of the 9th Infantry Brigade. On 1 June 1918 he was promoted to full colonel and temporary brigadier general. He led the brigade at Bray-sur-Somme and the attack on the Hindenburg Line. For these battles, Goddard was mentioned in despatches once more and made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1919 New Year Honours.
Post war
Goddard moved to Sydney after the war, where he pursued his business and military interests. He commanded the 14th Infantry Brigade from 1921 to 1926 and was honorary colonel of the 17th Infantry Battalion. He was placed on the retired list in 1931 with the rank of brigadier general. Goddard ran an importing company, H. A. Goddard Pty Ltd with his son Horace, who had served as a private in the 35th Infantry Battalion during the war. Goddard continued to travel, and was commercial representative of The Times in Australia. He died at the Concord Repatriation Hospital in Sydney on 24 October 1955 and was cremated.
