Heilbad Heiligenstadt
Heilbad Heiligenstadt is a spa town in Thuringia, Germany. It is the capital of the Eichsfeld district.
Geography
Heiligenstadt is approximately 14 km east of the tripoint where the states of Thuringia, Hesse and Lower Saxony meet. An upper reach of the River Leine, a tributary of the Aller, flows through the town from east to west and is joined near the centre of the town by the River Geislede.South of the town is the Iberg, a 453.2 m tall peak located in the Heiligenstadt Stadtwald, which forms part of the Naturpark Eichsfeld-Hainich-Werratal.
Local subdivisions
- Bernterode
- Flinsberg, the geographical centre of Germany.
- Günterode
- Kalteneber
- Rengelrode
History
- Heiligenstadt was first mentioned in 973.
- In 1022 it was acquired by the archbishop of Mainz.
- In 1227, the town received town rights from the archbishop of Mainz.
- In 1333 it was destroyed by fire.
- In 1525 it was captured by Henry the Middle, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
- In 1540 Heiligenstadt became the capital of Eichsfeld.
- In the Thirty Years' War of 1618-1648, the city was devastated several times.
- In 1803 it came into possession of Prussia.
- In 1929 the salt-water hydropathic baths were built and in 1950 the town was designated a spa.
- On 9 November 1938, the town synagogue was desecrated. The event is commemorated in a plaque on the building, which is now a residence.
- In October 1989, demonstrations began in Heiligenstadt as part of the Peaceful Revolution in East Germany.
- In 1994, Heiligenstadt became the capital of the new district of Eichsfeld, formed by the amalgamation of the districts of Heiligenstadt and Worbis.
Historical Population
Name of the town
Despite the official designation of the town as a spa in 1929 and a 1950 decision by the town council to append the word Soleheilbad to its name, it remained officially "Heiligenstadt" during the East German years. In 1990 the city government still used only Heiligenstadt.However, the post office used Heilbad Heiligenstadt, as did postcard companies and the local savings bank. In fact between 1950 and 1990, the town had the distinction of being referred to in three different ways: as Heiligenstadt, Heilbad Heiligenstadt, or Heiligenstadt .
In 1990, the town council and especially the mayor began expanding the spa business and it took on increasing importance. In addition, after German reunification, there were several Heiligenstadts in Germany. Initially the government declined to rename the town Heilbad Heiligenstadt because of a lack of evidence that it was a spa, but the town lodged an appeal and used the one and a half years before an official visit and the relative lack of oversight immediately after reunification to create spa facilities and integrate the word Heilbad into official usage. Permission for the renaming was then granted since the town was evidently a spa and using that name.
in front of the Storm Literary Museum
Culture and sights
Theatre
- Eichsfeld Kulturhaus
Museums
- Theodor Storm Literary Museum
- Eichsfeld Heimatmuseum
- Heiligenstadt Station Museum
Buildings and monuments
- Mainz Schloss, seat of the administrator for Eichsfeld when it was a dominion of the Archbishopric of Mainz
- Klausmühle
- Einheitsdenkmal German Unity Monument in front of the town administration building, 2009
Churches and chapels
- St. Aegidius, also known as the Neustädter Kirche : begun in the 13th century
- St. Mary's, also known as the Altstädter Kirche, Liebfrauenkirche and Propsteikirche : a 14th-century monastic foundation which replaced a 13th-century Romanesque building
- St. Anne's chapel, possibly built as an ossuary, facing the north portico of St. Mary's
- St. Martin's, also known as the Bergkirche
- Monastery of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer and St. Gerhard's church, also known as the Paterkloster
- St. Nicholas', also known as the Klausbergkirche
- Klöppelsklus
- Convent of the Sisters of Mary Magdalene Postel, with convent church and school church
Cemeteries
- The Jewish cemetery in Ibergstraße was last used for burial in 1940. The deportation of six Jewish residents to Theresienstadt concentration camp in September 1942 put an end to a Jewish community in the town which was first mentioned in writing in 1212 and which had built a synagogue and their own school in the 19th century.
- The Soviet cemetery and monument in Dingelstädter Straße commemorate 70 Soviet prisoners of war and impressed workers who died in the town due to forced labour during World War II.
Parks
- Heinrich Heine Kurpark
Regular events
Ibergrennen
The Ibergrennen is an annual road race held since 1994 on the last weekend in June on Landesstraße 2022 in the western foothills of the Iberg. Sponsored by the German Mountain Cup and German Mountain Championship, it has included sports and touring cars since 1998, when the road surface was renewed and the barriers reinforced. In 2000, the course was extended from 1.96 km to 2.05 km. The climb remains 200 m. It is thus one of the shortest mountain race routes in Germany, but not without challenges.The drivers' encampment is traditionally set up near the centre of Heiligenstadt, next to a filling station and a supermarket which is open on Sundays.
The first race was held in 1925, but only for motorcycles.
People associated with Heilbad Heiligenstadt
Honorary citizens
- Johann Vinzenz Wolf, Jesuit historian
- 1855: Josef Nolte, Archiepiscopal representative
- 1991: Hugo Dornhofer, Christian labour union official and CDU politician
- 2004: Paul J. Kockelmann, local administrator 1967-1995
Natives
- Tilman Riemenschneider, sculptor
- Johann Melchior Birkenstock, Austrian politician and school reformer
- Josepha von Siebold, gynaecologist, the first credentialled midwife in Germany.
- Adolf Werneburg, genealogist and forester
- Eduard Strecker, politician
- Ludwig Loewe, politician
- Helene Keßler, writer, under the pseudonym Hans von Kahlenberg
- Siegfried Loewenthal, chief justice in West Berlin 1945–1951, honorary citizen of Heiligenstadt 1948–1951
- Alfred Mock, Catholic priest
- Horst Sannemüller, violinist and leader of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra
- Wilhelm Friese, professor of Scandinavian studies
- Karl H. Steinberg, politician
- Wolfgang Thüne, Olympic medallist in gymnastics
- Joachim Knape, professor of rhetoric
- Bernhard Germeshausen, Olympic medallist in bobsleigh
- Dietrich Klinge, sculptor and graphic designer
- Angelika Weiz, singer
- Dieter Althaus, politician Ministerpresident of Thuringia 2003-09
- Peter Pysall, handball player and coach
- Sebastian Haupt, skeleton racer
Others
- Saint Aureus of Mainz, Bishop of Mainz: some of his remains were reinterred in Heiligenstadt and he is the patron saint of the town.
- Burchard of Worms, consecrated Bishop of Worms in Heiligenstadt in 1000.
- Adolf I of Nassau, Archbishop of Mainz, died in Heiligenstadt.
- Athanasius Kircher, Jesuit scholar, taught in Heiligenstadt.
- Hadrian Daude, Jesuit theologian, taught in Heiligenstadt.
- Friedrich Christian Adolf von Motz, Prussian statesman, was Director of Finance in Heiligenstadt.
- Heinrich Heine, poet and journalist, was baptised a Protestant in Heiligenstadt in June 1825.
- Johann Carl Fuhlrott, natural historian, taught in Heiligenstadt.
- Heinrich Maria Waldmann, theologian and teacher in Heiligenstadt, a representative in the Frankfurt Parliament of 1848/49.
- Theodor Storm, author, judge in Heiligenstadt from 1856 to 1864.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Grimme, author and botanist, was director of the Catholic gymnasium in Heiligenstadt.
- Werner Hagedorn, surgeon, educated in Heiligenstadt.
- Anton Thraen, astronomer, educated in Heiligenstadt.
- Karl Wisniewski, composer, worked in Heiligenstadt from 1885 on.
- Hermann Iseke, poet
- Martin Weinrich, Catholic educator and author, educated in Heiligenstadt.
- Andreas Huke, politician, worked and lived in Heiligenstadt.
- Walter Möllenberg, historian, died in Heiligenstadt
- Ludolf Hermann Müller, Protestant Bishop of Saxony, had been a minister in Heiligenstadt.
- Karl Paul Haendly, author and politician, died in Heiligenstadt.
- Karl Hackethal, politician, educated in Heiligenstadt.
- Herbert Haselwander, Nazi district leader in Heiligenstadt.
- Erich Gerberding, actor, member of the Heiligenstadt theatre.
- Horst Keitel, actor, member of the Heiligenstadt theatre from 1946 to 1951.
- Rudolf Richwien, neurologist, retired to Heiligenstadt.
- Johannes Dyba, Bishop of Fulda, educated in Heiligenstadt.
- Joachim Meisner, Archbishop of Cologne, previously chaplain at St. Egidius' church in Heiligenstadt.
- Georg Sterzinsky, Archbishop of Berlin, previously chaplain at St. Egidius' church in Heiligenstadt.
- Heinz-Josef Durstewitz, Catholic dissenter in the GDR, now Provost of Heiligenstadt.
- Reinhard Hauke, Auxiliary bishop of Erfurt, previously chaplain at St. Egidius' church in Heiligenstadt.
- Manfred Grund, politician, active in Heiligenstadt.