Haplogroup S1a (Y-DNA)


Haplogroup S1a is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs Z41335, Z41336, Z41337, Z41338, Z41339, Z41340, and Z41341.
S1a is found primarily in Melanesia, Micronesia, Maritime Southeast Asia and among indigenous Australians.
As of 2017, it includes an unnamed primary subclade referred to by ISOGG as "S1a~", . The "~" symbol is ISOGG's way of indicating that an unverified and as-yet unnamed immediate ancestor may exist.
Its secondary subclades include: S1a1, S1a2~ and S1a3.
Before 2016, S1a1b was known as Haplogroup S*.
The "sibling" clades of S1a include: S1b, S1c and S1d.

Phylogeny

Haplogroup S1 includes the following subclades:
S1a Z41335
Basal S1a* appears to be extremely rare or extinct in living males. The primary subclade S-P405* is also relatively rare, but is found at significant levels among various Micronesian populations: 5.6%. It is also found among males on the Indonesian island of Sumba at a rate of 0.2%.
According to ISOGG, S1a1 has been found among the Lebbo' people of Indonesia and S1a1a1 among indigenous Australians. One study has reported finding S-M230 in: 52% of a sample from the Papua New Guinea Highlands; 21% of a sample from the Moluccas ; 16% of a sample from the Papua New Guinea coast; 12.5% of a sample of Tolai from New Britain; 10% of a sample from Nusa Tenggara, and; 2% of a sample from the West New Guinea lowlands/coast. One subclade, Haplogroup S1a1b1d1a has been found at low frequencies in the Admiralty Islands and along the coast of mainland PNG.
The distribution of the other major subclades of S1a according to ISOGG, is as follows: