Groups of universities and institutions (France)
In France, Groups of universities and institutions or Communities of universities and institutions are groups of universities and higher education institutions. It is a form of Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique, Culturel et Professionnel.
Specific COMUE associations are a grouping of higher education and research institutions.
These organizations were created with the Law on Higher Education and Research of July 2013. It replaced the previous structure, the Pôle de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur, that existed from 2007 to 2013. Unlike the former PRES, they are able to award degrees, and have a specific budget.
