Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)
Great Grimsby is a constituency in North East Lincolnshire represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since December 2019 by Lia Nici of the Conservative Party.
Current boundaries
The present constituency follows the boundaries of the old Borough of Great Grimsby, which was abolished when the former county of Humberside was divided into four unitary authorities in 1996. From the 2010 general election new boundaries took effect, but the Boundary Commission's review led only to minimal changes, aligning the constituency boundaries with present ward boundaries so the seat still has electoral wards:- East Marsh, Freshney, Heneage, Park, Scartho, South, West Marsh and Yarborough.
History
Freemen of the town had the right to vote, provided they were resident and paying scot and lot; in 1831 this amounted to just under 400 voters. The town corporation bestowed this status, as today, rarely on those bringing acclaim to the place, but it was routinely acquired through apprenticeship in the guilds and by inheritance; in Great Grimsby, unusually, the husband of a freeman's daughter or widow acquired the freedom.
In 1831, when the Reform Bill was being discussed in Parliament, the wives and daughters of the Great Grimsby freemen petitioned the House of Lords to retain their rights to pass on the vote to their future husbands and children. However, their concern to retain these rights may not have been rooted in any their family desiring to help choose the borough's MPs as a vote in Great Grimsby was a valuable commodity in a more mercenary sense, and the contemporary polemicist Oldfield considered that "This borough stands second to none in the history of corruption." At the start of the 18th century it was noted that Grimsby's "freemen did enter into treaties with several gentlemen in London, for sale of the choice of burgess to such as would give the most money". In 1701, the House of Commons overturned the election of one of Great Grimsby's MPs, William Cotesworth, for bribery and sent him to the Tower of London and temporarily suspended the borough's right to representation. Almost every election in Great Grimsby at this period was followed by a petition from defeated candidates alleging bribery, although that of 1701 seems to have been the only one which was acted upon.
Great Grimsby, like most boroughs except for the very largest, recognised a "patron" who could generally exercise influence over the choice of its MPs; at the time of the Great Reform Act of 1832, this was Lord Yarborough. However, the extent of the patron's power was limited in Great Grimsby, and the voters were quite prepared to defy his advice. The patron could strengthen his position by providing employment to the freemen, as could his rivals. Jupp quotes two letters, one of 1818 and one of 1819, in which local agents advise the Tennyson family how best to do this in Grimsby so as to encroach on Lord Yarborough's influence:
On a less extravagant level, it is recorded that after Charles Tennyson was first elected in 1818 he presented a bottle of wine to each of the fathers of 92 local children about to be christened.
The General Election of 1831 in Grimsby was as notorious as in some of the rotten boroughs, the local Tories being accused of using a revenue cutter lying in the Humber to ply the Whig voters with drink and prevent them getting to the polls; the fact of the outcome standing led to a nationally well-known action by John Shelley for libel.
In 1831, the population of the borough was 4,008, and contained 784 houses. The Boundary Act in concert with the Reform Act enlarged the borough to include eight neighbouring parishes, brought the population up to 6,413 with 1,365 houses but the landed property aspect to the franchise was not reformed so this increased the electorate only to 656 so Great Grimsby lost one of its two seats. However, Grimsby's population and housing continued to grow and, unlike most of the boroughs that lost one seat in 1832 it has retained its existence, without taking up large swathes of the county.
The constituency underwent further significant boundary change in 1918 and 1950. In 1918, parishes that had joined, were detached to join Louth county constituency, and the seat consisted of the county borough of Grimsby and the urban district of Cleethorpes. In 1950, Cleethorpes was moved into the Louth county division, leaving the borough once more Grimsby alone. More recent boundary changes have only been adjustments to conform to changes at local government level.
Labour's Austin Mitchell retained the seat in 1977 by only 520 votes in a by-election following the death of the Foreign Secretary Tony Crosland. He held the seat until retiring in 2015. At the 2010 election, Mitchell's majority was again reduced to three figures after a swing of over 10% to the Conservatives.
At the 2015 election, Great Grimsby was considered a target for the United Kingdom Independence Party. UKIP had selected as their candidate the 2010 Conservative candidate, Victoria Ayling, who had switched parties since the previous election. Labour's candidate was Melanie Onn, while the Conservatives stood Marc Jones. In the event however, Onn was successful, increasing Mitchell's majority of 714 more than sixfold and enjoying a swing of 5.6% from the Conservatives, with UKIP finishing third, just 57 votes behind the Conservatives. The Conservative and UKIP votes combined outnumbered the Labour vote, which was an indication that the Labour position was potentially precarious.
Similarly to many other traditionally working class labour strongholds in the North, in 2019, Great Grimsby was won by the Conservatives for the first time since 1935.
Members of Parliament
MPs 1295–1660
| Year | First member | Second member |
| 1330 | Edmundus Rayner | Robertus Keilby |
| 1341 | Johannes de Grymesby | - |
| 1346 | Peter de la See | - |
| 1355 | Johannes de Grymesby | - |
| 1365 | Willielmus Grymesby | - |
| 1372 | Johannes de Grymesby | - |
| 1377 | Willielmus Wele | - |
| 1379 | Willielmus Grymesby | - |
| 1382 | Willielmus Grymesby | - |
| 1383 | Petrus de Gryesby | - |
| 1385 | Willielmus Wele | - |
| 1386 | John Newland | William Elmsall |
| 1388 | Robert Burton | William Paule |
| 1388 | Geoffrey Askeby | Richard Barber |
| 1390 | Richard Misen | Walter Slotheby |
| 1390 | - | |
| 1391 | John Hesilden | William Welle |
| 1393 | Robert Burton | John Kelby |
| 1394 | Robert Burton | Walter Slotheby |
| 1395 | Robert Burton | William Elmsall |
| 1397 | Robert Burton | John Kelby |
| 1397 | - | |
| 1399 | Walter Slotheby | William Elmsall |
| 1401 | - | |
| 1402 | Richard White | John Kelby |
| 1404 | - | |
| 1404 | William Hosier | John Miles |
| 1406 | William Lele | John Kelby |
| 1407 | William Fosse | Simon Grimsby |
| 1411 | William Fosse | John Thoresby |
| 1413 | - | |
| 1413 | Gilbert Keremond | Richard Duffield |
| 1414 | - | |
| 1414 | Roger Dale | Richard Duffield |
| 1415 | - | |
| 1416 | Roger Dale | Gilbert Keremond |
| 1416 | - | |
| 1417 | - | |
| 1419 | - | |
| 1420 | John Lufford | Richard Duffield |
| 1421 | Simon Elkyngton | Roger Grainsby |
| 1421 | Roger Dale | Richard Duffield |
| 1410 | - | |
| 1448 | Willielmus Grymesby | - |
| 1472 | Willielmus Grymesby | Hugo Eden |
| 1483 | Hugo Eden | Peter de la See |
| 1485 | Stephen de la See | - |
| 1485 | John Saynton | Thomas Pormard |
| 1487 | John Saynton | John Moigne |
| 1494 | Hugo Eden | - |
| 1496 | John Heneage | - |
| 1509 | Sir Robert Tyrwhitt | - |
| 1510 | Sir William Tyrwhitt | Sir Robert Wingfield |
| 1512 | George Barnardiston | Robert Vicars |
| 1515 | Philip Hamby | William Hatcliffe |
| 1523 | John Heneage | Robert Lord |
| 1529 | Sir William Askew | John Heneage |
| 1536 | ? | - |
| 1539 | ? | - |
| 1542 | Richard Goodrich | ? |
| 1545 | Thomas Hussey | Richard Goodrich |
| 1547 | Richard Goodrich | John Bellow |
| 1553 | ? | - |
| 1553 | George Heneage | John Bellow |
| 1554 | Ambrose Sutton | John Bellow |
| 1554 | John Bellow | Thomas Constable |
| 1555 | John Bellow | Thomas Constable |
| 1558 | John Bellow | Marmaduke Tyrwhitt |
| 1558/9 | Sir Edward Warner | John Bellow |
| 1562/3 | Christopher Wray | Edward Fitzgerald |
| 1571 | Thomas St Poll | John Thymbleby |
| 1572 | Thomas Moryson | Thomas Grantham |
| 1584 | William Wray | Thomas Moryson |
| 1586 | Tristram Tyrwhitt | Thomas Moryson |
| 1588/9 | Thomas Moryson | Tristram Tyrwhitt |
| 1593 | William Barne | Nicholas Saunderson |
| 1597 | Thomas Hatcliffe | Thomas Ellis |
| 1601 | Thomas Clinton alias Fiennes, Lord Clinton | Edward Skipwith |
| 1604 | Sir William Wray | Sir George St Paul |
| 1614 | Sir John Wray | Richard Toothby |
| 1621 | Henry Pelham | Sir Christopher Wray |
| 1624 | Henry Pelham | Sir Christopher Wray |
| 1625 | Henry Pelham | Sir Christopher Wray |
| 1626 | Henry Pelham | William Skinner |
| 1628 | Henry Pelham | Christopher Wray |
| 1629–1640 | No Parliaments summoned | No Parliaments summoned |
| April 1640 | Christopher Wray | Sir Gervase Hollis |
| November 1640 | Christopher Wray | Sir Gervase Holles |
| 1645 | William Wray | Edward Rossiter |
| 1654 | William Wray | One seat only |
| 1656 | William Wray | One seat only |
| 1659 | William Wray | Edward Ayscough |
MPs 1660–1832
MPs since 1832
Elections
Elections in the 2010s
Elections in the 2000s
Elections in the 1990s
Elections in the 1980s
Elections in the 1970s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1940s
Elections in the 1930s
Elections in the 1920s
Elections in the 1910s
Elections in the 1900s
Elections in the 1890s
- Doughty resigned to seek re-election as a candidate for the Liberal Unionist Party.
- Caused by Josse's resignation.
Elections in the 1880s
- Caused by Heneage's appointment as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
Elections in the 1870s
- Caused by Chapman's death.
Elections in the 1860s
- Caused by Anderson-Pelham's succession to the peerage, becoming Earl of Yarborough.
Elections in the 1850s
Elections in the 1840s
Elections in the 1830s
- Caused by the 1831 election being overturned on petition.