Grão Mogol is a Brazilian municipality located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. In 2007 the population was 14,954 in a total area of 3,890 km². The elevation is 829 meters. It became a municipality in 1840.
The settlement of Serra de Santo Antônio do Itacambiraçu, present-day Grão Mogol, had it origins in the discovery of diamonds at the end of the eighteenth century. In 1839 the place was called Arraial da Serra de Grão Mogol and soon began to attract people from all over the country including foreigners to search for diamonds. The site began to be noticed by the Portuguese crown for its commerce of diamonds and soon the government took over the mining and the commercialization. In 1840 what was only a "arraial" was made a "Vila Provincial" and in the same year it became a district. In 1858, Grão Mogol received the category of city. For decades, it was considered the most important city in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. When the diamonds ran out the city began to lose population, especially after 1960, coinciding with the loss of territory to form the municipalities of Itacambira, Cristália and Botumirim. Today the colonial buildings and the popular traditions make Grão Mogol an important touristic attraction.
Economic activities
The most important economic activities are cattle raising and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$ 50,489,000. The most important agricultural crops are bananas, coffee, tropical and citrus fruits, peanuts, rice, sugarcane, and corn. In the rural area there were 1,737 producers. The total area of agricultural land was 183,695 hectares in 2006. Pasture made up 56,000 ha. and 76,000 ha. were in woodland. In the urban area there was 1 banking agency in 2006.
Health and education
This municipality is isolated from major population centers and suffers from drought and poor soils.
State ranking: 666 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
National ranking: 3,419 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
Degree of urbanization: 33.96%
Infant mortality rate: 21.01 The rate for Minas Gerais was 17.40; the rate for Brazil was 18.91.
Illiteracy rate: 29.03% The rate for Minas Gerais was 11.96; the rate for Brazil was 13.63
Urban area covered by sewage system: 66.00%--the rate for Minas Gerais was 81.39%
Health clinics, health centers, and hospitals: 3, 4, 1 with 56 beds
Tourism
Besides the old historical buildings of the town there is an interesting church, Igreja Matriz de Santo Antônio, built in the nineteenth century by slaves for the white population. In the rural area there are many natural attractions to please the visitor. The most important is the Canyon do Extrema, made up of deep pools of water and several waterfalls. The municipality contains the Grão Mogol State Park, created in 1998.
