Girardia Girardia is a genus of freshwater planarians belonging to the family Dugesiidae .Distribution The genus Girardia is endemic to the Americas , from Argentina to Canada, although most species occur in South America . The only two species known to occur naturally in North America , Girardia tigrina and Girardia dorotocephala , have been introduced in other continents and islands .Description Species of Girardia are very similar to species of other genera of Dugesiidae and few apomorphies that clearly define the genus are known. One of the few exclusive characteristics is the presence of pigment granules in the outer pharyngeal wall. Until 1991 Girardia was considered a subgenus of Dugesia , then it was upgraded to the genus rank . However, some works continued to use the old genus for some Girardia species, mainly for Girardia dorotocephala and Girardia tigrina .Species Girardia anceps Girardia anderlani Girardia andina Girardia antillana Girardia arenicola Hellmann & Leal-Zanchet, 2018 Girardia arimana Girardia arizonensis Girardia aurita Girardia arndti Girardia avertiginis Sluys, 2005Girardia azteca Girardia barbarae Girardia biapertura Sluys, 1997 Girardia bursalacertosa Sluys, 2005Girardia cameliae Girardia canai Curino & Cazzaniga, 1993Girardia capacivasa Sluys & Kawakatsu, 2005Girardia chilla Girardia cubana Girardia desiderensis Souza & Leal-Zanchet, 2016Girardia dorotocephala Girardia dubia Girardia festae Girardia glandulosa Girardia graffi Girardia guatemalensis Girardia hoernesi Girardia hypoglauca Girardia informis Sluys & Grant, 2006Girardia jenkinsae Girardia jugosa Sluys, 2005Girardia longistriata Girardia mckenziei Girardia microbursalis Girardia multidiverticulata Souza, Morais, Cordeiro & Leal-Zanchet, 2015 Girardia nonatoi Girardia paramensis Girardia paucipunctata Hellmann & Leal-Zanchet, 2018Girardia pierremartini Souza & Leal-Zanchet, 2016Girardia polyorchis Girardia rincona Girardia sanchezi Girardia schubarti Girardia seclusa Girardia sphincter Sluys & Kawakatsu, 2001 Girardia striata Girardia tigrina Girardia titicacana Girardia typhlomexicana Girardia ururiograndeana Phylogeny Phylogenetic tree including five dugesiid genera after Álvarez-Presas et al ., 2008:
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