Gauliga Hessen
The Gauliga Hessen was the highest football league in the German state of Hesse and the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1945. From 1941, it was renamed Gauliga Kurhessen. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gau Electoral Hesse replaced the Prussian province and the Peoples State.
Overview
The league was introduced by the Nazi Sports Office in 1933, after the Nazi take over of power in Germany and Baden. It replaced the Bezirksliga as the highest level of play in German football competitions.The Gauliga Hessen was established with ten clubs, all from the region of Hesse.
The Gauliga replaced as such the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen and Bezirksliga Hessen-Hannover, the highest leagues in the region until then. As such, it mixed clubs which had previously belonged to different Football Associations, the Southern German FA and the West German FA.
The region it covered was never particularly successful in German football and this didn't change with the establishment of the Gauliga. No club from this league reached any German cup or championship final in this period.
In its first season, the league had ten clubs, playing each other once at home and once away. The league winner qualified for the German championship while the bottom two teams were relegated. The league remained unchanged until the outbreak of World War II.
In 1939-40 and 1940–41, the league played in two separate groups of six teams with a home-and-away final at the end to determine the leagues champion.
In 1941, the league returned to a single-division format and renamed Gauliga Kurhessen, but with only nine clubs. Also, some of the clubs from the south, like FC Hanau 93, left the league for the new Gauliga Hessen-Nassau. The 1942-43 season was played in the same modus.
The worsening war situation and lack of players forced many clubs to merge and form KSG's, Kriegsspielgemeinschaften and therefore the league only had seven clubs in 1943-44.
For the Gauligas final season, it was split in three regional divisions with a varying number of clubs.
The imminent collapse of Nazi Germany in 1945 gravely affected all Gauligas and football in Hessen ceased in early 1945 with none of the groups having absolved their full program.
With the end of the Nazi era, the Gauligas ceased to exist. In the US occupation zone, which the newly created federal state of Hessen was part of, the Oberliga Süd was formed in late 1945, to replace this league.
Founding members of the league
The ten founding members and their positions in the 1932-33 Bezirksliga Main/Hessen and Bezirksliga Hessen/Hannover season were:- Borussia Fulda, winner Hessen division
- VfB Friedberg, 10th Main division
- FC Hanau 93, 9th Main division
- Kurhessen Kassel, Hessen division
- CSC 03 Kassel, Hessen division
- SG Hessen Hersfeld, Hessen division
- SV 06 Kassel, Hessen division
- BC Sport Kassel, Hessen division
- VfB Marburg, Hessen division
- Hermannia Kassel, Hessen division
Winners and runners-up of the Gauliga Hessen
| Season | Winner | Runner-Up |
| 1933-34 | Borussia Fulda | VfB Friedberg |
| 1934-35 | FC Hanau 93 | Borussia Fulda |
| 1935-36 | FC Hanau 93 | Borussia Fulda |
| 1936-37 | SV 06 Kassel | SG Hessen Hersfeld |
| 1937-38 | FC Hanau 93 | CSC 03 Kassel |
| 1938-39 | CSC 03 Kassel | FC Hanau 93 |
| 1939-40 | CSC 03 Kassel | FC Hanau 93 |
| 1940-41 | Borussia Fulda | BC Sport Kassel |
| 1941-42 | Borussia Fulda | Kurhessen Kassel |
| 1942-43 | SV 06 Kassel | VfL Marburg |
| 1943-44 | Reichsbahn SG Borussia Fulda | SV Niederzwehren |
Placings in the Gauliga Hessen and Kurhessen 1933-44
The complete list of all clubs participating in the league:| Club | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 |
| Borussia Fulda 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
| VfB Friedberg | 2 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 6 | |||||
| FC Hanau 93 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Kurhessen Kassel 2 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | |||
| CSC 03 Kassel 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | |
| SG Hessen Hersfeld | 6 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||||
| SV 06 Kassel | 7 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 5 |
| BC Sport Kassel 2 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |||
| VfB Marburg | 9 | 6 | 9 | ||||||||
| Hermania Kassel | 10 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 6 | ||||||
| Germania Fulda | 5 | 5 | 7 | 9 | |||||||
| SpVgg Langenselbold | 9 | 6 | |||||||||
| SV Bad Nauheim | 10 | ||||||||||
| Kewa Wachenbuchen | 4 | 7 | 10 | 6 | |||||||
| SV Niederzwehren | 10 | 9 | 2 | ||||||||
| VfB Großauheim 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | |||||||
| Dunlop Hanau 1 | 8 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||
| VfL/TuRa Kassel 2 | 6 | ||||||||||
| TSV 1860 Hanau 1 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| VfL Marburg | 6 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||
| BV 06 Kassel 2 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||
| SV Petersberg | 9 | ||||||||||
| KSG Kurhessen/SC 03 Kassel 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
| KSG TuRa/TuSpo 86/09 Kassel 2 | 7 | ||||||||||
| KSG BC Sport/BV 06 Kassel 2 | 8 |
- 1 These four clubs joined the new Gauliga Hessen-Nassau in 1941.
- 2 In 1943, a number of clubs from Kassel formed “war sport unions”, those being:
- * Kurhessen and SC 03 formed KSG Kurhessen/SC 03 Kassel.
- * TuRa and TuSpo formed KSG TuRa/TuSpo 86/09 Kassel.
- * BC Sport and BV 06 formed KSG BC Sport/BV 06 Kassel.
- 3 Played in 1943-44 as Reichsbahn SG Borussia Fulda.