Ganale Doria


Ganale Doria is a dam located near Genale on the river Shabelle. It was built in the south of Somalia in the 1920s along with an extensive network of canals. The dam was strongly promoted by Cesare Maria De Vecchi - Italian governor of Italian Somalia from 1924 to 1928 - in order to provide water for irrigation of a vast territory between Genale, Merca and Vittorio di Africa, to be given in concession to colonists.

The dam

The Genale Dam should be remembered not so much for the intrinsic importance but especially for the difficulties in the realization and for the great improvements for the social and economic life of the area. The dam also improved the image of colonial Italy in the world.
Regarding the construction difficulties, the following are only the most significant among those who had to overcome the Italian builders according to Gaetano De Angelis:
Construction began in January 1926 and despite the difficulties mentioned, ended in October of the same year. The inauguration took place on October 28, 1926 and was christened by the countess Rina De Vecchi of Val Cismon, to whom the workers made homage of the model of the dam.
Actually for some experts the question arises how it all could get to the end in such a short time and without major incidents: no loss of life happened. Fascist propaganda pinpointed that the dam was done without enhancing the distinction of class or color - although the work was done in very difficult conditions.

Data

The Shebelle, in the area of Genale where the dam was built, flows in a vast plain between 65–70 meters above sea level and is 13.5 km from the Indian Ocean. Between the plain and the sea, however, there are sand dunes that are partly movable and rise in height up to 100–130 meters above sea level by preventing the river flowing into the Indian Ocean and forcing it to get to the Jubba river: there the Shebelle river flows only in the rainy periods because normally the water disperses before reaching the Jubba, forming swampy areas.
Until a few years before the intervention in this stretch of plain, although composed of fertile land, there were mainly shrubs and bushes of various tree species. Furthermore, mainly along the banks of the river, there were small groups of huts and little land cultivated by the natives.
In periods of peak demand of water for irrigation, the flow of the river was over 100 m3 per second; therefore - if the dam subtracted from that amount the flow rate of 40 m3/s necessary to irrigate 25-30,000 hectares of land, that were supposed to be the area of agricultural concessions - this fact did not let dry the Shebelle river.
The water flow of the river went down below 40 m3/s only during periods when irrigation did not appear necessary. For this reason, the dam was not built with the task of accumulation of water but was to serve as a weir or "intake structure" - to send water toward the distribution channels - to a level quota to allow the water to reach the whole area.
The water channeling - for an initial length of 45 km, that later reached 80 km - is separated upstream of the dam, redistributing into two basic channels: