Flower snark mathematical field of graph theory , the flower snarks form an infinite family of snarks introduced by Rufus Isaacs in 1975 .the flower snarks are connected , bridgeless cubic graphs with chromatic index equal to 4. The flower snarks are non-planar and non-hamiltonian . The flower snarks J5 and J7 have book thickness 3 and queue number 2.Construction The flower snark Jn the Flower snark Jn cubic graph with 4n vertices and 6n edges. For it to have the required properties, n should be odd .The name flower snark is sometimes used for J5 , a flower snark with 20 vertices and 30 edges. It is one of 6 snarks on 20 vertices. The flower snark J5 is hypohamiltonian .3 is a trivial variation of the Petersen graph formed by replacing one of its vertices by a triangle . This graph is also known as the Tietze's graph . In order to avoid trivial cases, snarks are generally restricted to have girth at least 5. With that restriction, J3 is not a snark.Gallery
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