First Professional Football League (Bulgaria)

The First Professional Football League, also known as the Bulgarian First League or Parva liga, currently known as the efbet League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league, located at the top of the Bulgarian football league system. Contested by 14 teams, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Vtora liga.
The Bulgarian football championship was inaugurated in 1924 as the Bulgarian State Football Championship and has been played in a league format since 1948, when the A Group was established. The champions of the First League have the right to participate in the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League based on the league's European coefficient. Additionally, two UEFA Europa League spots are allocated to the second team in the final standings and the winner of the European playoffs. A further fourth spot may also be granted to the fourth placed team in the final league ranking, given that the Bulgarian Cup holder has finished among the top three teams at the end of the season.
A total of 67 clubs have competed in the Bulgarian top-tier since its establishment. Since 1948, eleven different teams have been crowned champions of Bulgaria. The three most successful clubs are CSKA Sofia with 31 titles, Levski Sofia with 26 titles and Ludogorets Razgrad with 9 titles. The current champions Ludogorets Razgrad won their ninth consecutive title in their ninth First League season in 2019–20. The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based teams. The Sofia teams have won together a total number of 70 titles.

History

Foundation

The first football championship of Bulgaria started in 1924 in a knockout format. An attempt to form a league as the top division of the Bulgarian football league system was made in 1937–1940, when the National Football Division was created. There were 10 teams, each playing twice against all the others, once home and once away. The team that finished first in the table became champions.

A Republican Football Group

The first season of the A Republican Football Group started in the autumn of 1948. In that season, ten teams participated in the league: Levski, Septemvri, Lokomotiv, Slavia and Spartak from the capital city Sofia, and Botev, Slavia, Marek, FC Bdin|Benkovd in a spring-autumn cycle as in the Soviet Union. In the autumn of 1949, qualification tournaments were played to determine the teams that would play in the next 1950 season. In the next two seasons the number of teams in the league was increased to 12, and for the 1953 season there were 15 teams. In seasons 1954 and 1955 there were 14 teams in the league, and in seasons 1956 and 1957 there were 10.
In 1958, the championship was again stopped after the spring half-season, as had happened in 1948. New re-organizations were accepted and the league was again going to be played in the autumn-spring format. Despite the fact that the teams had played just 1 match, CDNA was crowned as the champion of Bulgaria.
The frequent changes in the number of teams in A Group continued in the 1960s. In the first two seasons after the reforms in 1958, the number of teams in the league was 12, in the period 1960–1962 – 14, until season 1967/68, when the teams were 16.
There were new reforms at the end of the 1960s. There were many mergers between Bulgarian clubs. The most-famous are between CSKA Red Flag and Septemvri Sofia in CSKA September Flag, the capital teams Levski and Spartak in Levski-Spartak, Lokomotiv and Slavia in Slavia, the Plovdiv teams Botev, Spartak and Academic in Trakiya. Mergers happened between other Bulgarian clubs too. These mergers between clubs and reforms in A Group were made at the winter break of the 1968/69 season.
After the winter reforms in 1968 until 2000, A Group remained with 16 teams, except in seasons 1971/72 and 1972/73, when 18 teams competed in the league.

Premier Professional Football League

The Bulgarian Football Union decided to make reforms. The Premier Professional Football League, created in the autumn of 2000, had 14 teams participating in it. At the end of the 2000/01 season, the last two teams were directly relegated to the lower division and the team that finished 12th had the chance to compete in the promotion/relegation play-off for the remaining place in the league. Levski Sofia became champions in the first season of the Premier League.
In the 2001/02 season there was experimentation with the regulations. The championship was divided into two phases. In the first phase the teams played a regular season, each team playing twice against all the others, once home and once away. The second phase was a play-off phase.
In the following season, 2002/03, the championship returned to the regulations of 2000/01 – 14 teams playing in a home and away format. For the first time in 6 years, CSKA Sofia became champions.

A Group

The Bulgarian A Professional Football Group was created in 2003. The group was formed by 16 teams, each playing twice against all the others, once home and once away. In the first season of the newly created A Group, the 2003–04 season, for the first time in history, Lokomotiv Plovdiv became champions, finishing with 75 points. In 2004–05, CSKA Sofia won A Group for the 30th time.
For the next two seasons, Levski Sofia were champions under manager Stanimir Stoilov. From 2005–06 the league's name has been A Football Group. In 2007–08, CSKA became champions of A Group for a record-breaking 31st time without a loss out of 30 matches. But in the summer, UEFA didn't give a license for the club to play in the UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds and Levski Sofia entered to play in the tournament instead of CSKA. In the following season Levski Sofia won their last A Group title, finishing one point ahead of CSKA. Later on, two years in a row Litex Lovech won another two titles like in 1997–98 and 1998–99. In 2011–12, after winning promotion from B Group, Ludogorets Razgrad became the second team after Litex to win the A Group in their first season.
The Bulgarian Football Union made some changes in the format of A Group prior to season 2014–15 with the reduction of the number of the teams participating in the top league from 16 to 12.

First Professional Football League

On June 7, 2016 the league's name was changed to First Professional Football League, following approval of new licensing criteria for the clubs.

Competition format

Starting from the 2016-17 season, a new league format was approved by the Bulgarian Football Union, in an attempt to improve each participating club's competitiveness, match attendance and performance in the league. It involves 14 teams playing in two phases, a regular season and playoffs. The first phase includes each club competing against every other team twice in a double round-robin system, on a home-away basis at a total of 26 games per team and played in 26 fixtures. Seven matches are played in every fixture at a total of 182 games played during the first phase. In the second phase, the top six teams form a European qualifying table, while the bottom eight teams participate in a relegation group. The winner of the top group is declared as Champions of Bulgaria and is awarded with the title.

International qualification

The six top teams compete against each other on a home-away basis. Three matches are played in every fixture of the top six, with the results and points after the regular season also included. At the end of the stage, every team will have played a total of 36 games. The winner of the group is declared as Champions of Bulgaria and automatically secures participation in the 2017-18 UEFA Champions League second qualifying round. The team that ranks second is awarded with a place in the UEFA Europa League qualifying rounds. The third team in the final standings would participate in a play-off match against a representative team from the bottom eight. Depending on the winner of the Bulgarian Cup final, a possible fourth team from the first six may compete in a play-off match for an UEFA Europa League spot instead of the third ranked team.
Note: If the Bulgarian Cup winner has secured its qualification for the European tournaments for the next season through results from Parva Liga, then the place in the UEFA Europa League play-off is awarded to the fourth ranked team in the final standings.

Relegation

The teams in the bottom eight are split in two sub-groups of four teams, Group A and Group B, depending on their final position after the regular season standings. The teams that enter Group A are the 7th, 10th, 11th and the 14th, and the teams that participate in Group B are the 8th, 9th, 12th and the 13th. Every participant plays twice against the other three teams in their group on a home-away basis. The teams from the bottom eight also compete with the results from the regular season. After the group stages, every team will have played a total number of 32 games. Depending on their final position in Group A and Group B, two sections will be formed, one for a play-off spot in next season's European competitions and one to avoid relegation. The first two teams from each group continue in the semi-finals, and the last two teams of each group continue to the semi-finals for a relegation match. After this phase, one team is directly relegated to the Second League and the remaining two teams will compete in two relegation matches against the second and the third ranked clubs from the Second League.

Tiebreakers

In case of a tie on points between two or more clubs, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:

Number of wins;
Goal difference;
Goals pro;
Goals away;
Fewest red cards;
Fewest yellow cards;
Draw
Current clubs

The following clubs are competing in the Prva profesionalna Liga during the 2019–20 season.

Team	Location	Stadium	Capacity
Arda	Kardzhali	Arena Arda	15,000
Beroe	Stara Zagora	Beroe	12,128
Botev	Plovdiv	Botev 1912 Football Complex	3,500
Botev	Vratsa	Hristo Botev	25,000
Cherno More	Varna	Ticha	8,250
CSKA	Sofia	Balgarska Armiya	18,495
Dunav	Ruse	Gradski	12,400
Etar	Veliko Tarnovo	Ivaylo	15,000
Levski	Sofia	Vivacom Arena - Georgi Asparuhov	25,000
Lokomotiv	Plovdiv	Lokomotiv	13,000
Ludogorets	Razgrad	Ludogorets Arena	10,422
Slaviа	Sofia	Slavia	25,556
Tsarsko Selo	Sofia	Vasil Levski National Stadium	43,230
Vitosha	Bistritsa	Bistritsa Stadium	2,000

List of champions

Performance by club

Bold indicates clubs currently playing in the top division.
Italics indicates clubs which no longer exist.

Club	Titles	Runners-up	Winning Years
CSKA Sofia	31	26	1948, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1996–97, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2007–08
Levski Sofia	26	32	1933, 1937, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948–49, 1950, 1953, 1964–65, 1968, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09
Ludogorets Razgrad	9	–	2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20
Slavia Sofia	7	10	1928, 1930, 1936, 1938–39, 1941, 1943, 1995–96
Lokomotiv Sofia	4	6	1939–40, 1945, 1963–64, 1977–78
Cherno More Varna	4	6	1925, 1926, 1934, 1937–38
Litex Lovech	4	1	1997–98, 1998–99, 2009–10, 2010–11
Botev Plovdiv	2	2	1929, 1966–67
Spartak Varna	1	2	1932
Spartak Plovdiv	1	1	1962–63
Lokomotiv Plovdiv	1	1	2003–04
Beroe Stara Zagora	1	1	1985–86
Etar Veliko Tarnovo	1	–	1990–91
Sportklub Sofia	1	–	1935
Athletic Slava 1923	1	–	1931

Notes:

Cherno More was created after Vladislav and Ticha merged. The titles include those won by both teams.
CSKA Sofia titles include those won as Septemvri pri CDNV, CDNA, and CFKA-Sredets.
Levski Sofia titles include those won as Levski-Spartak and Vitosha, as well as the re-awarded 1984–85 title.
Botev Plovdiv total does not include the Trakia originally awarded the 1984–85 title.
All-time league table (1948-present)

#	Club	City										Best classification	Notes
1	Levski	Sofia	75	2137	1250	489	398	4113	1928	+2185	3503		Never relegated.
2	CSKA	Sofia	70	2020	1232	458	330	4143	1742	+2401	3385
3	Slavia	Sofia	70	2028	877	483	668	3027	2379	+648	2568		Never relegated. Expelled with political decision for 1 season.
4	Lokomotiv	Sofia	64	1835	770	460	605	2644	2215	+429	2279
5	Botev	Plovdiv	64	1863	719	434	710	2693	2572	+121	2102
6	Lokomotiv	Plovdiv	58	1732	671	397	664	2339	2372	-33	2019
7	Cherno More	Varna	55	1613	573	409	631	1920	2050	-130	1786
8	Beroe	Stara Zagora	52	1559	536	366	657	1896	2229	-333	1636
9	Litex	Lovech	20	608	354	123	131	1113	552	+561	1149
10	Spartak	Varna	43	1202	378	270	554	1385	1829	-444	1144
11	Minyor	Pernik	38	1055	330	248	477	1175	1594	-419	1000
12	Spartak	Pleven	35	994	314	245	435	1150	1511	-361	886
13	Botev	Vratsa	29	882	301	192	389	1104	1311	-207	820
14	Chernomorets	Burgas	29	866	277	188	401	1057	1410	-353	775		Dissolved in 2006.
15	Pirin	Blagoevgrad	26	788	244	196	348	844	1072	-228	751
16	Dunav	Ruse	28	807	254	198	355	862	1215	-353	737
17	Marek	Dupnitsa	29	838	251	177	410	920	1374	-454	737
18	Etar	Veliko Tarnovo	24	726	264	161	301	951	1043	-92	731		Dissolved in 2003.
19	Sliven 2000	Sliven	25	750	246	164	340	906	1109	-203	675
20	Ludogorets	Razgrad	8	270	167	64	39	540	187	+353	609		Finished 1st each of their seasons in First League.
21	Neftochimic	Burgas	14	430	171	83	176	600	567	+33	575
22	Akademik	Sofia	18	505	163	136	206	589	676	-87	467
23	Spartak	Plovdiv	17	441	158	121	162	562	581	-19	455
24	Dobrudzha	Dobrich	14	414	126	82	206	448	682	-234	411
25	Spartak	Sofia	15	377	135	124	118	456	416	+40	394		Dissolved in 2007.
26	Belasitsa	Petrich	12	368	116	68	184	377	590	-213	360
27	Chernomorets Burgas	Burgas	7	218	92	53	73	288	223	+65	329
28	Velbazhd	Kyustendil	7	201	98	27	76	299	269	+30	314
29	Lokomotiv	Gorna Oryahovitsa	10	304	102	59	143	310	462	-152	291
30	Montana	Montana	9	278	64	61	153	265	436	-171	253
31	Shumen	Shumen	7	212	61	38	113	219	368	-149	201
32	Pirin Blagoevgrad	Blagoevgrad	6	178	53	41	84	189	254	-65	200		Merged to form Pirin in 2008.
33	Yantra	Gabrovo	7	214	65	50	99	239	332	-93	174
34	Haskovo	Haskovo	7	212	52	31	129	210	400	-190	139
35	Septemvri	Sofia	5	148	40	31	77	176	273	-97	139
36	Vihren	Sandanski	4	118	38	14	66	117	173	-56	128
37	Vidima-Rakovski	Sevlievo	5	150	28	36	86	126	271	-145	120
38	Rodopa	Smolyan	4	118	31	17	70	106	194	-88	110
39	SFC Etar	Veliko Tarnovo	2	72	28	16	28	82	86	-4	100
40	Akademik	Svishtov	4	120	36	26	58	136	195	-59	97
41	Vereya	Stara Zagora	3	106	24	19	63	73	195	-122	91
42	Maritsa	Plovdiv	4	120	28	25	67	129	225	-126	89
43	Tundzha	Yambol	3	97	28	22	47	98	152	-57	78
44	Zavod 12	Sofia	3	74	23	27	24	72	80	-8	73		Merged with Slavia and dissolved in 1957.
45	Metalurg	Pernik	2	58	22	6	30	60	77	-17	72
46	Hebar	Pazardzhik	3	86	20	21	45	85	141	-56	68
47	Lokomotiv	Mezdra	2	60	17	13	30	69	89	-20	64		Dissolved in 2012.
48	Vitosha Bistritsa	Bistritsa	2	72	14	15	43	52	116	-64	57
49	Pirin	Gotse Delchev	2	68	16	8	44	62	148	-86	56
50	VVS	Sofia	2	54	13	21	20	60	63	-3	47		Merged into CDNA in 1956.
51	Stroitel	Sofia	2	50	13	18	19	47	53	-6	44		Disbanded in 1954.
52	Kaliakra	Kavarna	2	60	10	11	39	45	117	-72	41
53	Cherveno Zname	Sofia	2	40	13	13	14	46	50	-4	39		Merged with CSKA in 1962.
54	Rilski Sportist	Samokov	2	56	11	6	39	51	116	-65	39
55	Olimpik	Teteven	1	30	11	2	17	26	50	-24	35
56	Rakovski	Ruse	2	60	9	6	45	41	151	-110	33
57	Torpedo	Pleven	3	66	9	14	43	48	137	-89	32		Merged with Spartak in 1957.
58	Akademik	Varna	1	28	9	7	12	26	43	-17	25		Merged with Cherno More in 1969.
59	Dimitrovgrad	Dimitrovgrad	1	30	8	6	16	32	66	-34	21
60	Lyubimets	Lyubimets	1	38	6	3	29	35	104	-69	21
61	Himik	Dimitrovgrad	1	30	7	6	17	36	60	-24	20		Merged to form Dimitrovgrad in 1967.
62	Nesebar	Nesebar	1	30	5	5	20	26	63	-37	20
63	Rozova Dolina	Kazanlak	1	30	7	5	18	30	53	-23	19
64	Sportist	Svoge	1	30	5	4	21	23	59	-36	19
65	Slavia	Plovdiv	1	18	4	8	6	16	21	-5	16
66	Pavlikeni	Pavlikeni	1	26	5	4	17	12	45	-33	14
67	Etar 1924	Veliko Tarnovo	1	30	4	4	22	20	75	-55	13		Dissolved in 2013.
68	Bdin	Vidin	1	18	2	4	12	13	35	-22	8
69	Svetkavitsa	Targovishte	1	30	1	5	24	8	71	-63	8
70	Conegliano	German	1	30	0	1	29	8	131	-123	−2		Dissolved in 2007.

;Key

Competing in First League

Competing in Second League

Competing below Second League

Not competing

Currently, Sliven 2000 and Olimpik Teteven have only youth academies.

Bulgarian derbies

The Eternal Derby

The Eternal Derby of Bulgarian football is contested between the two most successful and most popular football clubs in Bulgaria, CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia.

Plovdiv derby

The Plovdiv derby is contested between Botev and Lokomotiv.

Media coverage

From 2000 to 2008, the Bulgarian National Television broadcast all matches from A Group on its first channel – Kanal 1.
In 2008, the broadcasting rights were purchased by the private channels TV2 and Ring TV for three plus two years at a price of $33 million. BNT had the first pick for each fixture and broadcast the most interesting match for the weekend. For seasons 2009-10 and 2010-11, PRO.BG and RING.BG bought the rights to broadcast the full pack of six matches from each fixture. At the end of season 2010-11, after bTV bought PRO.BG, the channel was re-branded to bTV Action and got on broadcasting only on cable networks. The new owners didn't want to fully pay to every club in the league, because of the unmet stadium requirements for journalists and cameramen places at some stadiums. The clubs weren't happy and they threatened to ban cameras at their matches. The league matches in this period were also broadcast in Romania. During the 2008–09 season, the Romanian sports channel Sport.ro broadcast the Friday game, and in the following 2009-10 season, only the league matches of CSKA Sofia.
For the start of the new 2012-13 season, the football clubs rejected requests from four TV stations due to the low payments being offered – Bulgarian National Television, Nova Television, TV7 and TV+. Finally after the first set of fixtures, the satellite broadcaster Bulsatcom with its channel TV+ bought the rights, along with BNT. Before the start of the spring half-season the rights were bought by TV7 and News7, who had rights for the first, third and fourth pick, and BNT 1 along with the international channel BNT World broadcasting the second pick of a match.
For the 2013–14 season, 7 Media Group bought the full rights for another three seasons prior to 2016 and will broadcast six matches per fixture on their channels – TV7 and News7. In 2014 however due to financial problems, TV7 opted-out of its league contract for the championship and the rights were transferred to Nova Broadcasting Group. The 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons will be broadcast by Nova, Diema, Nova Sport and Diema Sport.
The next seasons will also be broadcast on the Nova Broadcasting Group channels Diema, Diema Sport and Diema Sport 2, part of the Diema Extra paid pack, as their contract with the league was additionally extended.

Sponsorship

Until 2011 the official sponsor of the championship was TBI Credit and the league was officially known as TBI A Football Group.
In 2011–12, A Group had a new sponsor, the Victoria FATA Insurance, and therefore the league name in that season was rebranded to Victoria A Football Championship.
In early 2013, for a short period of time the naming rights of A Group were bought from the news television network News7, eventually renaming the competition's name to NEWS7 Football Championship.
On 11 July 2019, the Bulgarian Football Union announced that the football division's name had been changed to efbet League, following a two-year sponsorship deal with a betting company of the same name.

Statistics

UEFA coefficients

The following data indicates Bulgarian coefficient rankings between European football leagues.
;Country ranking:
UEFA League Ranking as of 15 March 2019:

26. Azerbaijan Premier League
27. Israeli Premier League
28. First Professional Football League
29. Liga I
30. Slovak Super Liga

;Club ranking:
UEFA 5-year Club Ranking as of 15 March 2019:

58. Ludogorets Razgrad
289. CSKA Sofia
291. Slavia Sofia
294. Levski Sofia
295. Botev Plovdiv
Records

All-time league appearances

All-time top scorers

Other records

Youngest player to appear in the league - Yanko Kirilov
Foreign player with the most appearances in the league - Vančo Trajanov
Foreign player with the most goals in the league - Claudiu Keșerü
Fastest goal scored in the league - Miroslav Manolov
Top scorers by season

Bold indicates all-time highest.

Season	Player	Nat.	Goals
1937–38	Krum Milev		12
1938–39	Georgi Pachedzhiev		14
1939–40	Yanko Stoyanov Dimitar Nikolaev		14
1948–49	Dimitar Milanov Nedko Nedev		11
1950	Lyubomir Hranov		13
1951	Dimitar Milanov		14
1952	Dimitar Isakov Dobromir Tashkov		10
1953	Dimitar Minchev		15
1954	Dobromir Tashkov		25
1955	Todor Diev		13
1956	Pavel Vladimirov		16
1957	Hristo Iliev Dimitar Milanov		14
1958	Dobromir Tashkov Georgi Arnaudov		9
1958–59	Aleksandar Vasilev		13
1959–60	Dimitar Yordanov Lyuben Kostov		12
1960–61	Ivan Sotirov		20
1961–62	Nikola Yordanov Todor Diev		23
1962–63	Todor Diev		26
1963–64	Nikola Tsanev		26
1964–65	Georgi Asparuhov		27
1965–66	Traycho Spasov		21
1966–67	Petar Zhekov		21
1967–68	Petar Zhekov		31
1968–69	Petar Zhekov		36
1969–70	Petar Zhekov		31
1970–71	Dimitar Yakimov		26
1971–72	Petar Zhekov		27
1972–73	Petar Zhekov		29
1973–74	Petko Petkov		20
1974–75	Ivan Pritargov		20
1975–76	Petko Petkov		19
1976–77	Pavel Panov		20
1977–78	Stoycho Mladenov		21
1978–79	Rusi Gochev		19
1979–80	Spas Dzhevizov		23
1980–81	Georgi Slavkov		31
1981–82	Mihail Valchev		24
1982–83	Antim Pehlivanov		20
1983–84	Eduard Eranosyan		19
1984–85	Plamen Getov		26
1985–86	Atanas Pashev		30
1986–87	Nasko Sirakov		36
1987–88	Nasko Sirakov		28
1988–89	Hristo Stoichkov		23
1989–90	Hristo Stoichkov		38
1990–91	Ivaylo Yordanov		21
1991–92	Nasko Sirakov		26
1992–93	Plamen Getov		26
1993–94	Nasko Sirakov		30
1994–95	Petar Mihtarski		24
1995–96	Ivo Georgiev		21
1996–97	Todor Pramatarov		26
1997–98	Anton Spasov Bontcho Guentchev		17
1998–99	Dimcho Belyakov		21
1999–00	Mihail Mihaylov		20
2000–01	Georgi Ivanov		22
2001–02	Vladimir Manchev		21
2002–03	Georgi Chilikov		23
2003–04	Martin Kamburov		25
2004–05	Martin Kamburov		27
2005–06	Milivoje Novaković José Emílio Furtado		16
2006–07	Tsvetan Genkov		27
2007–08	Georgi Hristov		19
2008–09	Martin Kamburov		17
2009–10	Wilfried Niflore		19
2010–11	Garra Dembélé		26
2011–12	Ivan Stoyanov Júnior Moraes		16
2012–13	Basile de Carvalho		19
2013–14	Wilmar Jordán Martin Kamburov		20
2014–15	Añete		14
2015–16	Martin Kamburov		18
2016–17	Claudiu Keșerü		22
2017–18	Claudiu Keșerü		26
2018–19	Stanislav Kostov		23

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The 48 Laws of Power - non-fiction book by American author Robert Greene. The book...

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Game of Thrones - American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO. It...
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