On Fast Sunday, church members are encouraged to fast for two consecutive meals. Members are also encouraged to give the money they save by not eating as a fast offering, which will be used by the church to financially assist those in need. On Fast Sunday, the sacrament meeting is known as fast and testimony meeting. In this meeting, rather than predetermined speakers on particular subjects, the members are given the chance to voluntarily bear extemporaneous testimony to one another of gospel truths. Non-members of the church are welcome to participate in Fast Sunday activities. Fast Sunday is usually the first Sunday of each month. In some circumstances, the week of Fast Sunday may be adjusted by stake leaders. In many areas of the world, this occurs in April and October, when the church's general conferences are held on the first Sunday of the month. They may also be adjusted due to stake conferences or temple dedications that are held on the first Sunday of the month. In addition to the regular Fast Sunday, individuals, families, wards, or stakes may designate additional fast days for special needs of individuals, families, communities, or the church. No fast and testimony meeting is held for these non-regular fast days.
History
Fast Day was started by Joseph Smith, as described by Brigham Young: During the 19th century, almost a fifth of converts in the United Kingdom were miners by profession. Their physical work made fasting during the week very difficult and an exception was granted to allow British miners to fast on Sundays instead of Thursdays. The practice became popular among the wider membership of the church in Britain and quickly spread. In 1896, Fast Day was changed to the first Sunday of the month, instead of the first Thursday. Since then, it has commonly been referred to as Fast Sunday. Modern LDS Church leaders have affirmed the need for a Fast Day. Church apostle Gordon B. Hinckley stated:
Medical benefits
Research presented at a recent meeting of the American Heart Association by Benjamin Horne of the University of Utah suggests that the monthly fasts may correlate with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. American Mormons generally have a 61% rate of coronary artery disease, versus 66% of non-Mormon Americans, which has generally been attributed to abstention from tobacco. However, among American Mormons seeking coronary diagnosis, all of whom reported abstention from alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco, 59% of those who fasted were found to have coronary artery disease, versus 67% of those who did not fast.
