False sunrise

• Simple reflection of the sunlight off the bottom of the clouds.
• A type of ice crystal halo, such as an upper tangent arc or, more commonly, an upper sun pillar. Like all halos, these phenomena are caused by the reflection and/or refraction of sunlight by ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere, often in the form of cirrus or cirrostratus clouds. The temperature on the ground is irrelevant to their occurrence, meaning that halos can be seen throughout the year and in all climates.
• A type of mirage, specifically the Novaya Zemlya effect. Restricted mainly to the polar regions, this phenomenon was named after its first observation on Novaya Zemlya during the third polar expedition led by Willem Barentsz in 1596/97, when the Sun was seen above the horizon "in his full roundnesse" two weeks before its predicted return after the polar night. The account, written by officer Gerrit de Veer, was met with general scepticism for centuries, and not until modern times was the effect proven to be genuine.