Euleia heraclei


Euleia heraclei, known as the celery fly or the hogweed picture-wing fly is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Euleia of the family Tephritidae.

Distribution

This species is widespread in most of Europe and in the east Palearctic ecozone, in Central Asia and Japan. It is also present in North Africa and in the Middle East.
In Britain, the species is distributed widely across southern and central England; in Wales records are mainly near the coast.

Habitat

These small flies mainly inhabit vegetable gardens and open countrysides where the host plants grow.

Description

Euleia heraclei can reach a body length of. The species is dimorphic, as the color of the body is variable depending on the season. In fact the thorax and the abdomen may be shiny orange-brown or blackish. They are almost black for the winter flies, while they are clear, orange-brown for the summer flies. The sides of the mesonotum have whitish longitudinal stripes. The postscutellum is black. The head has blue-green eyes. The face shows a raised longitudinal rib. These flies have rather wide wings heavily marked with brown bands. The legs are yellow-brown. Eggs are oval, white. Larvae are white, spindly shaped, up to 8 mm long.

Biology

Euleia heraclei is a bivoltine species, with two generations per year. Adults can be found from April to November feeding on hogweed .
The males display on the upper surfaces of leaves on sunny days during April–May. Mating takes place when a female arrives. The females' winter fly lay the eggs in April and May into the leave of the host plants, a few eggs in one leaf. After 6–8 days, the eggs hatch and the larvae mine the leaves, initially in a short corridor and later, a yellow or brown blotch. After four weeks, adult larvae enter into the soil at a depth of 4–5 cm. The second generation develops in September–October and overwinters in the upper layers of soil, at a depth of about 10 cm.
Larvae feed on the leaves of a wide variety of plants, especially of Apiaceae species.
They are considered a pest of celery and parsnips, where they damage the plant by mining the leaves.