Elio de Angelis


Elio de Angelis was an Italian racing driver who participated in Formula One between and, racing for the Shadow, Lotus and Brabham teams. He was killed in an accident while testing the Brabham BT55 at the Paul Ricard circuit, near the commune of Le Castellet, France, in 1986. De Angelis was a very competitive and highly popular presence in Formula One during the 1980s, and is sometimes referred to as Formula One's "last gentleman player".

Early life

De Angelis was born in Rome. His father Giulio was an inshore and offshore powerboat racer who won many world championships in the 1960s and 1970s.
After a brief spell with karts, de Angelis went on to win the Italian Formula Three Championship in 1977. In 1978 he raced in Formula Two for Minardi and then for the ICI British F2 Team, he also competed in one round of the British Formula One championship and won the prestigious Monaco F3 race.

Formula One

At the end of the 1977 season, de Angelis was on Enzo Ferrari's short list to replace Niki Lauda. De Angelis successfully tested the Ferrari at the Fiorano circuit but eventually Ferrari decided to hire Gilles Villeneuve. De Angelis's debut Formula One season was in with Shadow. He finished seventh in his maiden Grand Prix in Argentina and 15th in the championship with three points.
De Angelis's performance with Shadow caught the eye of Lotus boss Colin Chapman, who hired him to partner Mario Andretti in. At the age of 21, de Angelis nearly became the youngest Grand Prix winner of all time when he finished second at the Brazilian Grand Prix, run at the Interlagos circuit.
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His first victory came in the 1982 Austrian Grand Prix at the Österreichring, 0.05 seconds ahead of the Williams of eventual World Champion Keke Rosberg. The win was the last hailed by Colin Chapman's act of throwing his cloth cap into the air. Chapman died in December that year and Peter Warr became the new Lotus team manager.
In Lotus switched from the Cosworth DFV they had been using since, to Renault turbo engines, but it was a disappointing season, suffering multiple mechanical failures. De Angelis's best result was a fifth place in the 1983 Italian Grand Prix.
In de Angelis had a much better season, scoring a total of 34 points and finishing third in the standings with three podiums. His best result was a second place at the Detroit Grand Prix. De Angelis was the only driver to finish in the top 5 in 1984 not to score a race win, showing his consistent performances throughout the season with the improving Lotus-Renault.
In, de Angelis was joined at Lotus by Ayrton Senna, who had left the Toleman team. De Angelis's second win came in the third race of the season, at the 1985 San Marino Grand Prix, after Alain Prost was disqualified when his McLaren MP4/2B was found 2 kg underweight. De Angelis also claimed his last Formula One pole position that year in Canada. He finished fifth in the championship, with 33 points, five points behind his teammate. However, de Angelis chose to leave Lotus at the end of the season, frustrated that the team's efforts were being focused mostly on Senna.
De Angelis's drive for was with Brabham, as a replacement for twice World Champion Nelson Piquet, who had moved to Williams to join de Angelis's former Lotus teammate Nigel Mansell. Fellow Italian Riccardo Patrese was his teammate. Patrese was returning to the Bernie Ecclestone owned team after two unhappy years with Alfa Romeo.
at the 1985 German Grand Prix.
The 1986 Brabham-BMW, the BT55, was the brainchild of long time Brabham designer Gordon Murray. The BT55 was a lowline car with a reduced frontal area, the idea being to have a cleaner airflow over the car to create more downforce, while at the same time reducing the car's drag. The chassis proved effective, unlike the l4 BMW turbo that had to be tilted to an angle of 72°. This caused severe oil surge and an even greater lack of throttle response than the BMW had become famous for. Although the team worked hard to overcome these problems, it was clear from early in the season that Brabham had fallen behind the leading pack.

Death and aftermath

In that year, during tests at the Paul Ricard circuit in France, the rear wing of de Angelis's BT55 detached at high speed resulting in the car losing downforce on the rear wheels, which instigated a cartwheel over a sidetrack barrier, causing the car to catch fire. The impact itself did not kill de Angelis but he was unable to extract himself from the car unassisted. The situation was exacerbated by the lack of track marshals on the circuit who could have provided him with emergency assistance. A 30-minute delay ensued before a helicopter arrived and de Angelis died 29 hours later, at the hospital in Marseille where he had been taken, from smoke inhalation. His actual crash impact injuries were only a broken collar bone and light burns on his back.
De Angelis's death also saw the end of Formula One using the full 5.81 km Paul Ricard Circuit. F1 cars started using the 3.812 km "Club" version of the circuit, bypassing the Verriere curves where the Brabham had crashed, and cutting the length of the Mistral Straight from 1.8 to 1 km in length. The move was unpopular with many of the drivers, although most did like the reduced straight length as it was easier on the engines. Paul Ricard would not host a race on the full layout until, which featured sharper Verriere curves and a chicane on Mistral effectively cutting the straight to two 800m straights.
De Angelis's place in the Brabham team was subsequently taken by Derek Warwick, allegedly because Warwick was the only available top level driver who did not contact team owner Bernie Ecclestone immediately after de Angelis's death asking to replace him. McLaren driver Keke Rosberg, who was a close friend of de Angelis, retired at the end of the 1986 season.
De Angelis was the last driver to die in a Formula One car until Roland Ratzenberger died during qualifying for the San Marino Grand Prix at Imola eight years later. The day after Ratzenberger's death, de Angelis's former Lotus teammate Ayrton Senna was killed on the seventh lap when his Williams-Renault crashed into the Tamburello Curve wall at over.

Legacy

De Angelis was a concert-standard pianist, and famously kept his fellow Formula One drivers entertained with his skills while they locked themselves in a Johannesburg hotel before the 1982 South African Grand Prix at Kyalami when the Grand Prix Drivers Association held a strike in protest at the new Super Licence conditions imposed by the governing body, the FIA.
The French-Italian driver Jean Alesi, who broke into the sport in, wore a helmet that matched de Angelis's design, in tribute to his semi-compatriot.
In 2016, in an academic paper that reported a mathematical modelling study that assessed the relative influence of driver and machine, de Angelis was ranked the 20th best Formula One driver of all time.
In 2017 de Angelis was honoured at the Ludovico Scarfiotti Memorial in Rome.

Career summary

Formula One World Championship results

YearEntrantChassisEngine12345678910111213141516WDCPts.
Interscope Shadow Racing TeamShadow DN9Cosworth V8ARG
7		BRA
12		RSA
Ret		USW
7		ESP
Ret		BEL
Ret		MON
DNQ		FRA
16		GBR
12		GER
11		AUT
Ret		NED
Ret		ITA
Ret		CAN
Ret		USA
4		15th3
Team Essex LotusLotus 81Cosworth V8ARG
Ret		BRA
2		RSA
Ret		USW
Ret		BEL
10		MON
9		FRA
Ret		GBR
Ret		GER
16		AUT
6		NED
Ret		ITA
4		CAN
10		USA
4		7th13
Team Essex LotusLotus 81Cosworth V8USW
Ret		BRA
5		ARG
6		SMR
WD		BEL
5		8th14
Team Essex LotusLotus 87Cosworth V8MON
Ret		8th14
John Player Team LotusLotus 87Cosworth V8ESP
5		FRA
6		GBR
DSQ		GER
7		AUT
7		NED
5		ITA
4		CAN
6		CPL
Ret		8th14
John Player Team LotusLotus 87BCosworth V8RSA
8		9th23
John Player Team LotusLotus 91Cosworth V8BRA
Ret		USW
5		SMRBEL
4		MON
5		DET
Ret		CAN
4		NED
Ret		GBR
4		FRA
Ret		GER
Ret		AUT
1		SUI
6		ITA
Ret		CPL
Ret		9th23
John Player Team LotusLotus 91Cosworth V8BRA
DSQ		17th2
John Player Team LotusLotus 93TRenault V6 USW
Ret		FRA
Ret		SMR
Ret		MON
Ret		BEL
9		DET
Ret		CAN
Ret		17th2
John Player Team LotusLotus 94TRenault V6 GBR
Ret		GER
Ret		AUT
Ret		NED
Ret		ITA
5		EUR
Ret		RSA
Ret		17th2
John Player Team LotusLotus 95TRenault V6 BRA
3		RSA
7		BEL
5		SMR
3		FRA
5		MON
5		CAN
4		DET
2		DAL
3		GBR
4		GER
Ret		AUT
Ret		NED
4		ITA
Ret		EUR
Ret		POR
5		3rd34
John Player Special Team LotusLotus 97TRenault V6 BRA
3		POR
4		SMR
1		MON
3		CAN
5		DET
5		FRA
5		GBR
NC		GER
Ret		AUT
5		NED
5		ITA
6		BEL
Ret		EUR
5		RSA
Ret		AUS
DSQ		5th33
Motor Racing DevelopmentsBrabham BT55BMW Straight-4 BRA
8		ESP
Ret		SMR
Ret		MON
Ret		BELCANDETFRAGBRGERHUNAUTITAPORMEXAUSNC0