Historically, computers under the Elbrus brand comprised several different instruction set architectures. The first of them was the line of the large fourth-generation computers, developed by Vsevolod Burtsev. These were heavily influenced by the Burroughs large systems and similarly to them implemented tag-based architecture and a variant of ALGOL-68 as system language. After that Burtsev retired, and new Lebedev's chief developer, Boris Babayan, introduced the completely new system architecture. Differing completely from the architecture of both Elbrus 1 and Elbrus 2, it employed a VLIW approach. In 1992 a spin-off company Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies was created and continued development, using the "Elbrus" moniker as a brand for all computer systems developed by the company. In the late 1990s, a series of SPARC-based CPUs were developed at MCST as a way to raise the fund for the in-house IP development and to fill the niche of domestically-developed CPUs for the backdoor-wary military.
Models
Elbrus 1 was the first in the line.
* A side development was an update of the 1965 BESM-6 as Elbrus-1K2.
Elbrus 2 was a 10-processor computer, considered the first Soviet supercomputer, with superscalar RISCprocessors. Re-implementation of the Elbrus 1 architecture with fasterECL chips.
Elbrus 3 was a 16-processor computer developed by the Babayan's team, and one of the first VLIW computers in the world.
Elbrus 2000 was a microprocessor development of the Elbrus 3 architecture. Also known as Elbrus-S.
* Elbrus-3M1 is a two-processor computer based on Elbrus 2000 microprocessor working at 300MHz.
* Elbrus МВ3S1/C is a ccNUMA four-processor computer based on Elbrus-S microprocessor working at 500MHz.
Elbrus-2S+ working at 500MHz, with capacity to calculate 16GFlops.
Elbrus-2SM working at 300MHz, with capacity to calculate 9.6GFlops.
Elbrus-4S working at 800MHz, with capacity to calculate 50GFlops.
Elbrus-1S+ SoC with GPU, working at 600–1000MHz, with capacity to calculate 24GFlops.
Elbrus-8S working at 1300MHz, with capacity to calculate 250GFlops.
Elbrus-8SV working at 1500MHz, with capacity to calculate 576GFlops.
Elbrus-16S working at 2000MHz, with capacity to calculate 1.5TFlops.
Elbrus-90micro is a computer line based on SPARC instruction set architecture microprocessors: MCST R80, R150, R500, R500S and MCST-4R working at 80, 150, 500 and 1000MHz. The Elbrus-90 is used to control the S-400 missile system.
