E.161 E.161 is an ITU-T Recommendation that defines the arrangement of digits , letters, and symbols on telephone keypads and rotary dials . It also defines the recommended mapping between the basic Latin alphabet and digits. Uses for this mapping include:Keypads are specified both in the common 4 × 3 and several variations, such as 6 × 2 and 2 × 5. E.161 also specifies the dimensions and characteristics of the asterisk and number sign , referred to in the standard as star and square, respectively. The standard also recommends that a tactile identifier be placed on the 5 key to make it easier to use the keypad in low-light conditions or by the visually impaired , as well as multiple alternative methods to implement a recall button .ETSI ETS 300 640 and ISO 9995-8 also address keypad layout. Language-specific letters as well as other characters are not addressed, which has led to a variety of inconsistent solutions for European languages . The E.161 layout is primarily based on the layout used on American telephones since the 1930s for telephone exchange names . Until the 1990s , Q and Z were not included in the standard layout, and since the letters served mainly as mnemonic devices , they were not necessary ; telephones either omitted them, placed Q and Z onto the 1 key, or included Q and Z on the current locations , with PRS on 7 and with WXY on 9, respectively. The development of text messaging on mobile phones , which required the full range of the alphabet, led to the need to standardize locations for Q and Z on mobile devices . E.161 adopted the current layout in response to this.
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