Dublin Bay Biosphere Reserve


The Dublin Bay Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve comprising Dublin Bay, North Bull Island and adjacent land, including parts of Dublin, the capital city of Ireland. It contains one of the finest sand dune systems on the island of Ireland, and is internationally important in terms of its conservation value. There are high quality examples of several rare and threatened coastal habitats present within its area.

Ecological characteristics

The biosphere reserve is significant from a conservation perspective since it supports well-developed salt marshes and dune systems displaying all stages of development from the earliest phase of colonization to stable and full maturity. The area is also important for nesting and wintering waterfowl.
The major habitats and land cover types are saltmarsh with glasswort , Puccinellia maritima and sea lavender ; sand dune complex with saltwort, sea rocket, sea couchgrass etc.; beaches; lagoonal sand flat; lagoonal mud flats with algae such as Enteromorpha intestinalis, E. compressa and Ulva lactuca''.
It also holds international importance as the numbers of three species exceed the international threshold – Light-bellied Brent Goose, Black-tailed Godwit and Bar-tailed Godwit. Species such as Grey Heron, Goldeneye, Red-breasted Merganser and Greenshank are regular in winter in numbers of regional or local importance. The North Bull Island and parts of the buffer zone in north Dublin include populations of Irish Mountain Hare, a uniquely Irish sub-species of a species of national and international importance, but under severe pressure from recreational disturbance and illegal poaching.
Dublin Bay Biosphere Reserve also contains three RAMSAR sites – Sandymount Strand, North Bull Island and Baldoyle Bay.

Socio-cultural aspects

The beaches and amenities of the reserve serve the population of the capital of Ireland. Dublin city is the most populated area of the country. It has a resident population of 525,833, based on the 2011 national census. Dublin Bay is the only biosphere reserve worldwide which includes within its area parts of a national capital. Therefore, its impact on society is higher than for just the immediate resident population.
In addition to its ecological value, the island has an important educational and recreation function, for school classes, day visitors and more. Two golf courses are situated on Bull Island and there are some boating activities in the adjacent waters.