The dory or doru is a spear that was the chief spear of hoplites in Ancient Greece. The word "dory was first attested by Homer with the meanings of "wood" and "spear". Homeric heroes hold two dorata . In the Homeric epics and in the classical period the dory was a symbol of military power, possibly more important than the sword, as can be inferred from expressions like "Troy conquered by dory" and words like "doryktetos and "doryalotos . The dory was about in length and had a handle with a diameter of 5 cm made of wood, either cornel or ash weighing. The flat leaf-shaped spearhead was composed of iron and its weight was counterbalanced by an iron butt-spike.
Thick-spike
The rear of the spear was capped with a spike called a sauroter, Greek for "lizard killer". It functionally served as a counter-weight to give balance. This spike had several uses. It could be used to stand the spear up or used as a secondary weapon if the spearhead was broken off. If the shaft of the dory was broken or if the iron point was lost, the remaining portion could still function. Though its combat range would be reduced, the dorys complete length would have lessened the chance of a single break rendering it ineffective. Additionally, any enemies that had fallen could be dispatched by the warriors marching over them in the back ranks of the phalanx who were holding their spears in a vertical position.
Use in the phalanx
The principal advantage of the dory was that it enabled a soldier to keep an enemy at a distance and in a pitched battle. Like the xiphos, it was a single-handed weapon, held in the right handleaving the left free to support the hoplite's shield. The spear used by the Persian army under Darius I and Xerxes in their respective campaigns during the Greco-Persian Wars was shorter than that of their Greek opponents. The dorys length enabled multiple ranks of a formation to engage simultaneously during combat. The dory was not a javelin. However, its aerodynamic shape allowed the dory to be thrown. Because it had evolved for combat between phalanges, it was constructed so as to be adequate against the defences of Greek infantry, which incorporated bronze in shield and helmet construction. Hoplites were generally more heavily armored than infantry of their non-Greek contemporaries.
