Diffusing-wave spectroscopy


Diffusing-wave spectroscopy is an optical technique derived from dynamic light scattering that studies the dynamics of scattered light in the limit of strong multiple scattering. It has been widely used in the past to study colloidal suspensions, emulsions, foams, gels, biological media and other forms of soft matter. If carefully calibrated, DWS allows the quantitative measurement of microscopic motion in a soft material, from which the rheological properties of the complex medium can be extracted via the microrheology approach.

One-speckle diffusing-wave spectroscopy

Laser light is sent to the sample and the outcoming transmitted or backscattered light is detected by an optoelectric sensor. The light intensity detected is the result of the interference of all the optical waves coming from the different light paths.
The signal is analysed by calculating the intensity autocorrelation function called g2.
For the case of non-interacting particles suspended in a fluid a direct relation between g2-1 and the mean squared displacement of the particles <Δr2> can be established. Let's note P the probability density function of the photon path length s. The relation can be written as follows:
with and is the transport mean free path of scattered light.
For simple cell geometries, it is thus possible to calculate the mean squared displacement of the particles <Δr2> from the measured g2-1 values analytically. For example, for the backscattering geometry, an infinitely thick cell, large laser spot illumination and detection of photons coming from the center of the spot, the relationship between g2-1 and <Δr2> is:
, γ value is around 2.
For less thick cells and in transmission, the relationship depends also on l*.

Multispeckle Diffusing-Wave Spectroscopy (MSDWS)

This technique either uses a camera to detect many speckle grains or a ground glass to create a large number of speckle realizations. In both cases an average over a large number of statistically independent intensity values is obtained, allowing a much faster data acquisition time.
MSDWS is particularly adapted for the study of slow dynamics and non ergodic media. Echo-DWS allows seamless integration of MSDWS in a traditional DWS-scheme with superior temporal resolution down to 12 ns. Camera based adaptive image processing allows online measurement of particle dynamics for example during drying.