Dhadi, also spelled as Dhadhi, is one who sings ballads using Dhadd and Sarangi, the folk instruments of Punjab. According to Kahn Singh Nabha's Mahan Kosh the definition of dhadhi is "One who sings ballads of warriors playing Dhadd". Dhadis are a distinct group performers emerged in the time of Sikh gurus.
Meaning
The wordDhadi can be translated in English to be a minstrel or bard. The word is used several times in the Sikhreligious text, Guru Granth Sahib, in the meaning of humbleness. In his compositions, Guru Nanak Dev Ji called himself a Dhadhi of God. The word is also appeared in the writing of the third, fourth and fifth Guru and Bhagat Namdev.
History
As the word is used by the Sikh Gurus, it's clear that Dhadis has a history of hundred years. The sixth Sikh guru, Guru Hargobind fostered and promoted the Dhadi art and transformed the tradition from singing the praises of landlords or rulers to sing the praises of the true God. Dhadis were mainly emerged in the time of the sixth Sikh master Guru Hargobind who established the Sikh high court, Akal Takhat, and established Dhadhis to sing the previously composed Gurbani from Guru Granth Sahib. Later, the contemporary Dhadis repertoire had broadened to include heroic ballads known as Vaars. In that age only the lower caste people, i.e. Mirasis, used to sing as the profession was not considered to be noble or respectable for higher classes/castes. While Mirasis were Muslims, Dhadis were not confined to a particular religious affiliation. Guru Hargobind Sahib fostered the Dhadis and refined their repertoire. Along with singing Gurbani, their songs came to deal with the tales of heroism and valour and was used to entertain as well as to fill the army with warrior's spirit. Two Dhadis of that age, Bhai Natha and Bhai Abdulla, are still remembered with respect. Bhai Abdulla was a gifted poet and used to sing his own compositions in the Guru's court.
Dhadi Jatha
Dhadi Jatha is an ensemble or band of Dhadis which usually consists of three or four Dhadis: one Sarangi master/player, two dhadd players and one telling the story by a lecture. The singers sing one by one or together like chorus according to the lyrics. The Dhadis today are the integral part of Sikh and Punjabi music. The tradition has broadened its repertoire, including religious compositions, heroic ballads, folklores, folk love stories, history, romance and other types of folk songs. Normally, the Jathas are known by the leader's name; for example, Dhadi Jatha of Nirmal Singh Noor. Popularly Known International Jatha Group Parsang Bota Singh Garja Singh Singh Garja Singh Dhadi Jatha Jaswant Singh Taan Sarangi Master Karam Singh Dhadi Kuldeep Singh Dhadi Lashkar Singh Late Dhadi Pal Singh Panchi Late Dhadi Daya SinghDilbar
