Demographics of Mozambique
The demographics of Mozambique describes the condition and overview of Mozambique's peoples. Demographic topics include basic education, health, and population statistics as well as identified racial and religious affiliations.
Population
According to the total population was in, compared to only 6 442 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 44.1%, 52.6% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older. A population census took place in 2017, and the preliminary results indicate a population of 28 861 863 inhabitants.
| Total population | Population aged 0–14 | Population aged 15–64 | Population aged 65+ | |
| 1950 | 6 442 000 | 41.7 | 55.6 | 2.7 |
| 1955 | 6 972 000 | 41.9 | 55.4 | 2.7 |
| 1960 | 7 647 000 | 42.3 | 55.0 | 2.8 |
| 1965 | 8 474 000 | 42.9 | 54.3 | 2.8 |
| 1970 | 9 453 000 | 43.5 | 53.6 | 2.9 |
| 1975 | 10 620 000 | 43.8 | 53.2 | 3.0 |
| 1980 | 12 146 000 | 43.8 | 53.1 | 3.0 |
| 1985 | 13 335 000 | 44.7 | 52.2 | 3.1 |
| 1990 | 13 547 000 | 46.6 | 50.2 | 3.3 |
| 1995 | 15 933 000 | 44.2 | 52.7 | 3.1 |
| 2000 | 18 201 000 | 43.9 | 53.0 | 3.2 |
| 2005 | 20 770 000 | 44.4 | 52.4 | 3.2 |
| 2010 | 23 391 000 | 44.1 | 52.6 | 3.3 |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Mozambique not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.Also, according to a 2011 survey, the total fertility rate was 5.9 children per woman, with 6.6 in rural areas and 4.5 in urban areas.
Fertility and births
Total Fertility Rate and Crude Birth Rate :| Year | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR |
| 1997 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 5.3 | |||
| 2003 | 40 | 5.5 | 31 | 4.4 | 49 | 6.1 |
| 2011 | 41.6 | 5.9 | 37.4 | 4.5 | 43.4 | 6.6 |
| 2015 | 38.0 | 5.3 | 30.8 | 3.6 | 41.2 | 6.1 |
| 2018 | 37.5 | 5.4 | 31.2 | 3.9 | 40.2 | 6.2 |
Fertility data by province :
| Province | Total fertility rate | Total fertility rate | Total fertility rate |
| Niassa | 7.1 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
| Cabo Delgado | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
| Nampula | 6.1 | 5.2 | 6.0 |
| Zambézia | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.2 |
| Tete | 6.8 | 6.2 | 6.0 |
| Manica | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.8 |
| Sofala | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.4 |
| Inhambane | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
| Gaza | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.1 |
| Maputo Província | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.0 |
| Maputo Cidade | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
Life expectancy
Ethnic groups
Mozambique's major ethnic groups encompass numerous subgroups with diverse languages, dialects, cultures, and histories. Many are linked to similar ethnic groups living in inland countries.The estimated 4 million Makua are the largest ethnic group of the country and are dominant in the northern part of the country — the Sena and Shona are prominent in the Zambezi valley, and the Shangaan dominate in southern Mozambique. Other groups include Makonde, Yao, Swahili, Tonga, Chopi, and Nguni. The country is also home to a growing number of white residents, most with Portuguese ancestry. During colonial rule, European residents hailed from every Mozambican province, and at the time of independence the total population was estimated at around 360,000. Most vacated the region after independence in 1975, emigrating to Portugal as retornados. There is also a larger mestiço minority with mixed African and Portuguese heritage. The remaining non-Blacks in Mozambique are primarily Indian Asiatics, who have arrived from Pakistan, Portuguese India, and numerous Arab countries. There are various estimates for the size of Mozambique's Chinese community, ranging from 1,500 to 12,000.
Languages
is the official and most widely spoken language of the nation, but in 2017 only 47.4% of Mozambique's population speak Portuguese as either their first or second language, and only 16.6% speak Portuguese as their first language. Arabs, Chinese, and Indians speak their own languages aside from Portuguese as their second language. Most educated Mozambicans speak English, which is used in schools and business as second or third language.Religion
Culture
Despite the influence of Islamic coastal traders and European colonizers, the people of Mozambique have largely retained an indigenous culture based on smallscale agriculture. Mozambique's most highly developed art forms have been wood sculpture, for which the Makonde in northern Mozambique are particularly renowned, and dance. The middle and upper classes continue to be heavily influenced by the Portuguese colonial and linguistic heritage.Education and health
Under Portugal, educational opportunities for poor Mozambicans were limited; 93% of the Bantu population was illiterate, and many could not speak Portuguese. In fact, most of today's political leaders were educated in missionary schools. After independence, the government placed a high priority on expanding education, which reduced the illiteracy rate to about two-thirds as primary school enrollment increased. Unfortunately, in recent years school construction and teacher training enrollments have not kept up with population increases. With post-war enrollments reaching all-time highs, the quality of education has suffered. As a member of Commonwealth of Nations, most urban Mozambicans are required to learn English starting high-school.Other demographic statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.- One birth every 27 seconds
- One death every 2 minutes
- One net migrant every 103 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 36 seconds
Population
Age structure
Birth rate
Death rate
[Total fertility rate]
Median age
Population growth rate
Mother's mean age at first birth
Contraceptive prevalence rate
Net migration rate
Urbanization
Net migration rate
[Dependency ratio]s
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male/female, 1.02 male/femaleunder 15 years: 0.98 male/female, 1.01 male/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male/female, 0.949 male/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male/female, 0.717 male/female
total population: 0.96 male/female, 0.968 male/female
Life expectancy at birth
HIV/AIDS — people living with HIV/AIDS: 2.1 millionHIV/AIDS — deaths: 70,000
Nationality
noun:Mozambican
adjective:
Mozambican
Ethnic groups
Indigenous tribal groups make up 98.61% of Mozambique's total population. People of mixed race are the largest minority, totaling 0.84% from the remaining figure, while Portuguese Mozambicans and Mozambicans of Indian descent represent 0.36% and 0.2% of the population respectively. There are noteworthy Chinese and Arab communities.Languages">Languages of Mozambique">Languages
Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8%, Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3%