Dede Oetomo was born into a Chinese-Indonesian family in 1953 in Pasuruan, East Java. He attended a Catholic school, but was not raised in a religious family. He learned to speak English in high school using a book entitled English for the SLTP which was developed for Indonesian students with funding from the Ford Foundation. He came out to his parents as gay at the age of 20. In 1978, he completed a TESOL course and was awarded a grant by the Ford Foundation to study linguistics at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He received a second grant in 1984 to work with the Modern Indonesia Project at Cornell. The project, established in the early 1950s by Professor George McTurnan Kahin and Professor John M.Echols, engages in Indonesian area studies.
Career
Dede Oetomo received a scholarship from the Social Science Research Council to assist with his dissertation studies during 1983 and 1984. He then moved into the study of sexuality, gender and the HIV/AIDS issues in Indonesia. Between 1984 and 2003, Oetomo lectured in political science at Airlangga University in Surabaya, East Java. Oetomo has a had a large impact on the LGBT movement in Indonesia. His work has helped to produce specifically Indonesian gay and lesbian identities in Indonesia, which he defines as "more or less as they are in the contemporary West". Lambda Indonesia was started by Oetomo in 1982, whilst he was still at Cornell, as a newsletter providing a forum where people could write letters to receive advice about gay issues. It was one of the first gay organisations in Asia. Lambda was discontinued in 1986 and Oetomo founded Gaya Nusantara. As of 2016, there were over 100 LGBT organisations in Indonesia. However, there was also increasing repression and Oetomo criticised funding groups such as the Ford Foundation, UNDP and USAID for not doing more to help LGBT rights in Indonesia., Oetomo admitted that hard-fought for freedoms were being eroded as part of a broader shift towards conservatism. The post-Suharto era in Indonesia began in 1998 and Oetomo stood for election several times representing the People's Democratic Party. He also unsuccessfully applied to run the National Commission on Human Rights. In 2010, Oetomo and the feminist activist Soe Tjen Marching established the first journal on sexuality in Indonesia, Gandrung. Oetomo is an Ashoka Fellow and received the 1998 Felipa de Souza award from the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission.
Gaya Nusantara
Gaya Nusantara is a LGBT rights organisation set up by Oetomo, which focuses upon human rights education, sexual health including HIV/AIDS awareness and fighting sexual discrimination. From 1987 onwards it has brought out a nationally published newsletter. It highlighted the invisibility of lesbians in Indonesia with articles such as "Indonesian lesbians: Where are you?" and "Where are the Indonesian lesbians". In 1998, the group pressured for LGBT rights alongside other organisations such as Arus Pelangi.
