The Dassler brothers feud was a conflict between two brothers and shoe manufacturers, Adolf "Adi" and Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler, in the latter half of the 20th century. Their feud led to the creation of Puma and Adidas, two of the biggest shoe manufacturing companies, and started a long-lasting rivalry between the two companies, reflected in rivalries between soccer clubs and a culture of animosity between Puma and Adidas employees; the conflict divided their home town.
History
Rudolf and Adolf Dassler were born at Herzogenaurach, Germany, to a middle-class family. In 1919, they founded the shoe manufacturing company Sportfarbrik Gebrüder Dassler, or Geda for short. Despite the complex political climate in Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, Geda became a success, which was demonstrated in the 1936 Olympics where the legendary African-American runner Jesse Owens wore Geda shoes as he won a gold medal. Geda's operations were paused throughout World War II, as Rudolf was drafted into the German army and Geda's shoe factory was converted into a weapons factory. After the war ended, Rudolf returned, and Geda's operations resumed. In 1948, after over 30 years of working together, Adolf and Rudolf abruptly shuttered Geda and separated. Two reasons for the feud that are cited are strife between their respective wives, who did not get along, yet were forced to live in the same villa, and Rudolf's increasing suspicion that his brother Adi was behind his conscription into the army and thus his short imprisonment by the Allies. In 1948 Rudolf established Puma, which was initially named Ruda but later was renamed Puma after the animal. In 1949, Adolf established Adidas, likewise named for himself. Geda's workforce and resources were split between the brothers. Adidas kept the factory by the train station and two-thirds of Geda's employees, as most employees preferred Adolf's emphasis on product development over Rudolf's sales-oriented approach. Rudolf kept the factory on Würzburger Street and the remaining third of the workforce. In the following three decades, both Adidas and Puma rose to dominance and signed deals with athletes such as Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier and members of the Brazilian national football team. Adidas introduced shoes customized for different sports, and grew rapidly. Puma, driven by Rudolf's sophisticated sales approach, kept chasing Adidas throughout these decades. Rudolf died in 1974 followed by Adolf in 1978. The brothers were buried at opposite ends of Herzogenaurach's cemetery.
The river Aurach divides Herzogenaurach; Puma's factory was to the south and Adidas's factory to the north. Puma and Adidas were the biggest employers there, and at least one person from each family worked for one of these companies. Employees of the two firms and their families avoided speaking to each other; they patronized separate bars, bakeries and barber shops. From people's habit of looking at each other's shoes to see whether they were affiliated with Adidas or Puma, Herzogenaurach got the nickname "the town of bent necks". The two biggest football clubs in Herzogenaurach, FC Herzogenaurach and ASV Herzogenaurach, were sponsored by Puma and Adidas respectively. As a result a strong sporting and personal rivalry formed between the players and the fans of each of these teams.
After World War II Germany was initially banned from international football, and German products such as athletic shoes were unpopular in foreign countries. Western Germany was allowed to participate in the 1954 World Cup, the first to be televised; Adidas and Puma worked to change people's perception of their sporting brands and achieve international exposure. Since the rift between West Germany's national team's manager, Sepp Herberger, and Rudolf prevented Puma from sponsoring the West Germannational team, Adidas sponsored the West German national team and supplied uniforms and boots to the West German players. The West German team defeated the favorites, Hungary, and won their first World Cup. As a result, Adidas received positive international coverage. Adidas was able to get a hold in the international shoe market and grow faster and become bigger than Puma. In the 1970 World Cup, Puma won the business battle. The most famous athlete in the world at that time was Brazilian footballer Pelé. Pursuant to a sponsorship deal, Pelé asked the referee to stop the game before the opening whistle so he could tie his shoes, and thus all the cameras were focused on his Pumas. Pelé led Brazil to glory, winning the 1970 World Cup, and his star power greatly contributed to the improvement of Puma's image in the eyes of the public and led to an increase in sales.
