Crime science is the study of crime in order to find ways to prevent it. Three features distinguish crime science from criminology: it is single-minded about cutting crime, rather than studying it for its own sake; accordingly it focuses on crime rather than criminals; and it is multidisciplinary, notably recruiting scientific methodology rather than relying on social theory. Crime science in the United Kingdom was conceived by the British broadcaster Nick Ross in the late 1990s out of concern that traditional criminology and orthodox political discourse were doing little to influence the ebb and flow of crime. Ross described crime science as, "examining the chain of events that leads to crime in order to cut the weakest link".
The first incarnation of crime science was the founding, also by Ross, of the Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science at University College London in 2001. In order to reflect its broad disciplinary base, and its departure from the sociological brand of criminology, the Institute is established in the Engineering Sciences Faculty, with growing ties to the physical sciences such as physics and chemistry but also drawing on the fields of statistics, environmental design, psychology, forensics, policing, economics and geography. The JDI grew rapidly and spawned a new Department of Security and Crime Science, which itself developed into one of the largest departments of its type inthe world. It has established itself as a world-leader in crime mapping and for training crime analysts and its Centre for the Forensic Sciences has been influential in debunking bad science in criminal detection. It established the world's first secure data lab for security and crime pattern analysis and appointed the world's first Professor of Future Crime whose role is to horizon-scan to foresee and forestall tomorrow's crime challenges. The JDI also developed a Security Science Doctoral Research Training Centre, which was Europe’s largest centre for doctoral training in security and crime science.
Design Against Crime Research Centre
Another branch of crime science has grown from its combination with design science. At the Central Saint Martins College of Arts and Design a research centre was founded with the focus of studying how design could be used as a tool against crime - the . A number of practical theft-aware design practices have emerged there. Examples are chairs with a hanger that allows people to keep their bags within their reach for the whole time, or foldable bicycles that can serve as their own safety lock by wrapping around static poles in the environment.
International Crime Science Network
An international Crime Science Network was formed in 2003, with support from the EPSRC. Since then the term crime science has been variously interpreted, sometimes with a different emphasis from Ross's original description published in 1999, and often favouring situational crime prevention rather than other forms of intervention. However a common feature is a focus on delivering immediate reductions in crime. New crime science departments have been established at Waikato, Cincinnati, Philadelphia and elsewhere.
Growth of the Crime Science Field
The concept of crime science appears to be taking root more broadly with:
The establishment of crime science departments at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, and in the US, and elsewhere.
The term crime science increasingly being adopted by situational and experimental criminologists in the US and Australia.
An annual Crime Science Network gathering in London which draws police and academics from across the world.
A Springer Open Access Interdisciplinary journal devoted to Crime Science .Crime science increasingly being cited in criminology text books and journals papers.
A move in traditional criminology towards the aims originally set out by Ross in his concern for a more evidence-based, scientific approach to crime reduction.
Crime science featuring in several learned journals in other disciplines .
