Cornelia Phillips Spencer


Cornelia Phillips Spencer was a poet, social historian and journalist in North Carolina, USA, who was instrumental in reopening the University of North Carolina after a five-year shutdown during the Reconstruction era.

Biography

Cornelia Ann Phillips was born on March 20, 1825 in Harlem, New York City, New York, the youngest of three children born to James Phillips and Judith Vermeule Phillips. In 1826, James Phillips took a post as a mathematics professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
She married James Monroe Spencer in 1855 and moved to Alabama, where their only child, Julia, was born in 1859. Spencer and her daughter returned to Chapel Hill after her husband's death in 1861, where she began her first book and wrote about the university for local newspapers. She published regular columns in The North Carolina Presbyterian and the Raleigh Sentinel.
She urged the North Carolina legislature to close the university in 1870 to protect the school from Reconstruction politics, later revealed to be her own disagreement with the politics of university leaders at the time.
After Reconstruction, she similarly urged the school's reopening and, on March 20, 1875, Spencer climbed to the roof of the South Building and rung its bell to celebrate. She contributed to the university by writing hymns for special occasions, organizing community events and keeping the alumni records. In 1895, she became the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the University.

Death and afterward

Cornelia Phillips Spencer died at her home in on March 11, 1908. She was interred in Old Chapel Hill Cemetery. Her collected papers are in the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The university's Spencer Residence Hall is also named for her.
As part of the university's bicentennial activities, the Cornelia Phillips Spencer Bell Award was established. The award, given to a woman who has made outstanding contributions to the university, was awarded annually from 1994 until 2004, when it was retired following the discovery that Spencer espoused racist views, based on letters found in university archives, including opposing the admission of African-American students. The University Awards for the Advancement of Women were created following the Bell Awards' retirement.

Published works

Posthumously: