The first Franciscan friars arrived on Terceira around 1456: almost immediately, they began to construct a hermitage and, much later, around 1470, a convent. This primitive group was eventually demolished, and a larger, more imposing temple was constructed. In 1663, friar Naranjo had accumulated the donations necessary to begin construction of the new group. Three years later, the dormitories and cells were already concluded, while on 6 March 1666, the first cornerstone was placed for the new Church. On 1 October 1672, the project was completed, and the group was blessed by the Bishop of Angra, Lourenço de Castro, after a solemn procession that included members of the civil authority, military and ecclesiastical orders. It was at the convent that António, Prior of Crato lived during his exile in the Azores, until 1583. After the Liberal Revolution of 1820, with the diffusion of liberal idealism throughout the country and archipelago, in 1823, four clergy, five monks and 11 laymen who professed these ideas were detained in the convent. The group were captured in Praia and transferred under military escort to Angra. They entered by the Porta dos Carros, were they encountered local absolute monarchists, armed with iron cuttings who attempted to lynch the free-thinks. During the Liberal Wars, in May 1929, the Provisional Junta accused the Franciscans of being the "bulwark of infidelity", and in December of that year, the convent received orders to throw-out the monks and send them to Praia, in order to requisition their quarters to house the Infantry's Provisional Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Bartolomeu Salazar Moscoso. Within the extinction of the religious orders in Portugal, and creation of the Liceu de Angra do Heroísmo, the annexes and dependencies in the western wing of the convent were reused for teaching, under the guidance of Father Jerónimo Emiliano de Andrade. Classes began on October 1851, but there was still a lack of professors and adequate installations to permit the first years classes to run smoothly. In 1862, in the eastern wing, the Diocensal Seminary was inaugurated. Two years later, the first meteorological station was installed in the northwest wing, in the direction of the monumentAlto da Memória. In 1900, the installations of the Lyceum were transferred to the Bettencourt Palace, the old Episcopal Palace, but returned in 1913, following the events of the 5 October 1910 revolution. During the Estado Novo regime, the lyceum began to be known as the Liceu Nacional de Angra do Heroísmo, but ultimately transferred to new spaces during the 1968-1969 school year. The convent and church were classified as a Property of Public Interest, on 24 January 1967, but later included as part of the group designation for the Historic Centre of Angra do Heroísmo, under resolution 41/80. The dependencies of the Convent are today occupied by the Museum of Angra do Heroísmo, which conserves many of the objects and reliquary that once belonged to the church and its spaces. It is considered a pantheon; it is the resting place for notable figures, such as João Vaz Corte-Real and Paulo da Gama, whose tombstone is located in the primitive Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Guia. In January 2012, the organ, labelled number 22, and oldest constructed in the archipelago was sent for restoration. Considered in a grave state of degradation, it was damaged during the 1980 earthquake and was disassembled for its protection. The restoration was placed under the care of Dinarte Machado, and supported by resources from the Direção Regional da Cultura, and was the last of the Angra's historic organs to be completely refurbished.
Architecture
The interior of the large church is divided into three naves, in the typical cruciform pattern, with the altar at its apex. The entrance-way is dominated by a high-choir associated with the convent.
