Conflicts in the Horn of Africa

Ancient

• Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the Kingdom of Kush and the Land of Punt.

  Medieval and Early Modern

• Ifat's conquest of Shewa
• Abyssinian-Adal War, between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate
• Ajuran – Portuguese wars
• Gobroon–Bardera War
• First Italo-Ethiopian War, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire

  Early 20th century

• Dervish resistance against the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Italy, the Ethiopian Empire, and other Somalis
• World War I
• * East African Campaign, between the German Empire and the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Portuguese Empire, and the Kingdom of Belgium
• Second Italo-Ethiopian War between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire
• World War II
• * East African Campaign, between the Kingdom of Italy and the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Kingdom of Belgium, and the Ethiopian Empire

  Cold War

• Eritrean War of Independence, between Eritrean liberation fronts and the Ethiopian Empire and Marxist Derg-ruled Ethiopia
• Shifta War, separatist insurgency by ethnic Somalis in Kenya
• Ethiopian Civil War, between the Derg and various rebel groups, as well as amongst the rebel groups, including the Marxist Ethiopian EPRP, MEISON, and TPLF, the Eritrean EPLF, ELF, the monarchist EDU, and the Somali WSLF; included Red Terror
• Oromo conflict
• Ogaden War, between Ethiopia and Somalia
• Ethiopian-Somali Border War

  Post-Cold War

• Somali Civil War
• Djiboutian Civil War
• Hanish Islands conflict,, between Yemen and Eritrea over the island of Greater Hanish in the Red Sea
• Insurgency in Ogaden
• * Ogaden conflict, between Ethiopia and the ONLF
• Eritrean–Ethiopian War
• Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
• Gedeo–Oromo clashes
• Oromo–Somali clashes