The Comprehensive School Reform program was a program administered by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Elementary and Secondary Education. Having an effective school system does not just come from the curriculum, it strives in many ways from every aspect of the school itself. The staff and families are also extremely important in student success. The purpose of Comprehensive School Reform is "to provide financial incentives for schools to develop comprehensive school reforms, based upon scientifically based research and effective practices that include an emphasis on basic academics and parental involvement so that all children can meet challenging state academic content and academic achievement standards." The CSR program made its last award in 2005, although it continued to appropriate funds to one school in 2006-2008.
Elements of Comprehensive School Reform
A successful reform program is one that includes all of these elements in a cohesive way. See more in . Coordination of resources This is how the program will bring together the aspects of a school, from local to federal levels. Effective research methods and strategies Comprehensive school reform takes action based upon strategies and methods that have been proven to work through research and reliability. Alignment The methodology imposed works through the community, into homes, and also straight up to our government. This technique is significant as it provides a connection to all things from curriculum to technology. Development Ensuring that the staff, and those who have high influence in the school systems are properly educated and updated on these programs is essential. Measurable goals As the state has set standards, regularly students will be checked to see if they have reached the benchmarks that they should have in order to achieve the goal. School support All associated within the school should be supportive, such as staff, faculty and administrators. Involvement Including the community in the school is very important as the classroom should carry on outside of the room itself. Families are encouraged to be involved, and communities are encouraged to take part in activities. External support Usually there is a higher support system, for example a university, that provides support and expertise in how to improve. Evolution There must always be room for growth and change, and each program should be set with the intent to evolve as time progresses.
Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration
In order to begin the school-wide reform, in 1977 Congress implemented the Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration which reached out to schools that had at least 50 percent student disadvantage and gave them the opportunity to improve to receive program grants. Some of the elements that the CSRD provided were: Professional development for teachers and staff; Greater parental and community involvement in school improvement activities; Identification of resources to sustain the reform effort; measurable goals forstudent achievement; and annual evaluation of both implementation and student-achievement results.
The four pillars of this bill include accountability, flexibility, research-based evidence, and parental options. This bill also requires each state to have standards, and perform state testing under federal requirements.
Models
Success for all Created in 1987, this reading intensive curriculum has been adopted by about 1,500 schools. “The SFA model also includes assessment every eight weeks, cooperative-learning activities among students, tutoring for those in need of extra help, and a family-support team that works to increase parental involvement.” This model has also been proven to help students read at an above average rate, at younger ages. Direct Institution This was developed in 1968 helps in many ways. This model consists of, “field-tested reading, language arts, and math curricula, scripted instructional strategies, extensive training, and schoolwide analysis of student performance data”. Through research this model has been proven to increase both vocabulary and oral readings.
Implementation
While there are several other programs, these two in particular have been seen to work well. Success for All has been implemented in schools in 48 states and 4 other countries and Direct Instruction has been implemented in schools in 22 states, Guam, and Australia. Success with these programs can mostly be seen in elementary and younger grade schools.
A non profit organization that develops models to be implemented by low performing schools. Their ideas are comprehensive of the whole school system, therefore, rather than raising up just one educator, all educators come together to create a stronger school unit. Current Programs Through the Education Performance Network, there are two sets of services, 1. State and District Services, and 2. New School Services. Together they apply 4 basic components: needs assessment, strategic planning, implementation assistance, and quality assurance and feedback.
