Complex data type

Complex number arithmetic

Language support

• The FORTRAN COMPLEX type
• The C99 standard of the C programming language includes complex data types and complex math functions in the standard library header
• The C++ standard library provides a complex template class as well as complex math functions in the header
• The Go programming language has built-in types complex64 and complex128
• The Perl core module Math::Complex provides support for complex numbers
• Python provides the built-in complex type. Imaginary number literals can be specified by appending a "j". Complex math functions are provided in the standard library module cmath
• Ruby provides a Complex class in the standard library module complex
• OCaml supports complex numbers with the standard library module Complex
• Haskell supports complex numbers with the standard library module Data.Complex
• Mercury provides complex numbers with full operator overloading support in the extras distribution, using libcomplex_numbers.
• Java does not have a standard complex number class, but there exist a number of incompatible free implementations of a complex number class:
• * The Apache Commons Math library provides complex numbers for Java with its Complex class
• * The library has a Complex number class
• * The library allows the use of complex numbers.
• * has a complex number class for Java
• * also adds complex number support for Java
• * is a project on implementation of complex number in Java
• * includes complex numbers with arbitrary precision.
• Common Lisp: The ANSI Common Lisp standard supports complex numbers of floats, rationals and arbitrary precision integers. Its basic mathematical functions are defined for complex numbers, where applicable. For example the square root of -1 is a complex number:

1. C ; the result of

• Scheme: Complex numbers and functions are included in the language specification. Their implementation is however optional in the R5RS standard, while in R6RS is mandatory.
• The.NET Framework provides since version 4.0.
• The smart BASIC for iOS naturally supports complex numbers in notation a + bi. Any variable, math operation or function can accept both real and complex numbers as arguments and return real or complex numbers depending on result. For example the square root of -4 is a complex number:

  PRINT SQRT

History