Commander-in-Chief, The Nore
The Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. His subordinate units, establishments, and staff were sometimes informally known as the Nore Station or Nore Command. The Nore is a sandbank at the mouth of the Thames Estuary and River Medway.
History
The origins of the Commander-in-Chief's post can be traced to the first area naval commander, then known as the Commander-in-Chief, Thames from 1695-1696.From 1698 to 1699 the appointment was known as Commander-in-Chief, Medway. In 1707 the post holder was known as Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway and between 1711 and 1745 the office was known as the Commander-in-Chief, Thames, Medway and Nore. In 1745 the post for the first time was simply called the Commander-in-Chief, Nore established at Chatham and became responsible for sub-commands at Chatham, London, Sheerness, Harwich and Humber. Between 1747 and 1797 the post holder was known as the Commander-in-Chief, Medway and at the Nore.
From 1827 the Commander-in-Chief was accommodated in Admiralty House, Sheerness, built as part of the renewal of Sheerness Dockyard. From 1834 to 1899 the command was known as the Commander-in-Chief, Sheerness.
After the dissolution of the Home Fleet in 1905, remaining ships at a lesser state of readiness were split between three reserve divisions: Nore Division plus the Devonport Division and the Portsmouth Division. In 1909 the division was brought out of reserve status, and became operational as part of the 3rd and 4th Division of the Home Fleet.
In 1907 the Commander-in-Chief moved to a new Admiralty House alongside the naval barracks in Chatham, the Sheerness house being given over to the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet. In 1938 an underground Area Combined Headquarters was built close to Admiralty House to accommodate the Commander-in-Chief together with the local Air Officer Commanding and their respective staffs; similar headquarters were built close to the other Royal Dockyards. During the Second World War, the Nore assumed great importance: it was used to guard the east coast convoys supplying the ports of North Eastern England.
During the Second World War, the Commander-in-Chief at the Nore, at Chatham, included eight sub commands, each of which usually commanded by a Flag Officer either a Rear Admiral or Vice Admiral. They included Brightlingsea station, Harwich station, Humber, London, Lowestoft, Sheerness station, Southend and Yarmouth. These sub-commands were then sub-divided into Base areas usually commanded by a Naval Officer in Charge or a Residential Naval Officer these included HM Naval Bases at Boston, Burnham-on-Crouch, Felixstowe, Gravesend, Grimsby, Immingham, and Queensborough.
With the onset of the Cold War, the station and command diminished in importance as the navy decreased in size.
Between 1952 and 1961 the Commander-in-Chief, The Nore was double-hatted as Commander, Nore Sub-Area, of NATO's Allied Command Channel. The Nore Command was finally closed on 31 March 1961. The underground headquarters went on to serve as HMS Wildfire, a Royal Naval Reserve training and communications centre, from 1964 to 1994.
Commanders-in-Chief
Commanders-in-Chief have included:Commander-in-Chief Thames, (1695–1696)
- Commodore Stafford Fairborne 1695
- Commodore James Gother 1696
Commander-in-Chief, Medway, (1698–1699)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Jennings, 1698–1699
Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway, (1707–1711)
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Jennings,
Commander-in-Chief, Thames, Medway and Nore, (1711–1745)
- Rear-Admiral Thomas Hardy, 1711–1715
- Rear-Admiral William Caldwell, 1717
- Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy, 1732–1737
- Vice Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle 1745
Commander-in-Chief, Nore, (1745–1747)
- Vice-Admiral Edward Durnford King 1745–1747
Commander-in-Chief, Medway and at the Nore, (1747–1797)
- Rear-Admiral Henry Osborne
- Vice-Admiral Sir Francis Geary
- Commodore William Boys
- Commodore William Gordon
- Commodore Christopher Hill
- Vice-Admiral Sir Peter Denis
- Vice-Admiral Edward Vernon
- Vice-Admiral Robert Roddam
- Vice-Admiral Sir Walter Stirling
- Vice-Admiral Sir Andrew Hammond
- Vice-Admiral Richard Edwards
- Vice-Admiral William Locker
- Rear-Admiral John Dalrymple
- Vice-Admiral Sir George Collier
- Vice-Admiral Charles Buckner
Commander-in-Chief, Nore, (1797–1834)
- Vice-Admiral Skeffington Lutwidge
- Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley
- Vice-Admiral Alexander Graeme
- Vice-Admiral Lord Keith
- Vice-Admiral Thomas Wells
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Stanhope
- Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Williams
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Rowley
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Gore
- Vice-Admiral Sir Benjamin Hallowell
- Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Moorsom
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Beresford
- Vice-Admiral Sir Richard King
Commander-in-Chief, Sheerness, (1834–1899)
- Vice-Admiral Charles Elphinstone Fleeming
- Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Otway
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Digby
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Brace
- Vice-Admiral Sir John White
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Durnford King
- Vice-Admiral Sir George Elliot
- Vice-Admiral Josceline Percy
- Vice-Admiral William Gordon
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Harvey
- Vice-Admiral Sir William Hope-Johnstone
- Vice-Admiral Sir George Lambert
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Talbot
- Vice-Admiral Sir Baldwin Walker
- Vice-Admiral Richard Warren
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Elliot
- Vice-Admiral George Hastings
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Chads
- Vice-Admiral Sir William King-Hall
- Vice-Admiral Sir Reginald Macdonald
- Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Rice
- Vice-Admiral Sir John Corbett
- Vice-Admiral The Prince of Leiningen
- Vice-Admiral Charles Waddilove
- Vice-Admiral Thomas Lethbridge
- Vice-Admiral Charles Curme
- Vice-Admiral Sir Algernon Heneage
- Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Wells
- Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Nicholson
- Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hotham
Commander-in-Chief, Nore, (1899–1961)
- Vice-Admiral Sir Nathaniel Bowden-Smith
- Vice-Admiral Sir William Kennedy
- Vice-Admiral Sir Albert Markham
- Admiral Sir Hugo Pearson
- Admiral Sir Gerard Noel
- Admiral Sir Charles Drury
- Admiral Sir Richard Poore
- Admiral Sir George Callaghan
- Admiral Sir Doveton Sturdee
- Admiral Sir Hugh Evan-Thomas
- Vice Admiral Sir William Goodenough
- Admiral Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair
- Admiral Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt
- Vice Admiral Sir Hugh Tweedie
- Vice Admiral Sir Edward Evans
- Admiral Sir Studholme Brownrigg
- Admiral Sir Reginald Plunkett
- Admiral Sir George Lyon
- Admiral Sir John Tovey
- Admiral Sir Harold Burrough
- Admiral Sir Henry Moore
- Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt
- Admiral Sir Cyril Douglas-Pennant
- Admiral Sir Geoffrey Oliver
- Admiral Sir Frederick Parham
- Admiral Sir Robin Durnford-Slater
Senior staff officers
Flag Captain, the Nore
Post holders supporting the senior naval officer at the Nore included:- Captain William G. Luard: July 1860–July 1863
- Captain John Fulford: July 1863–April 1866
- Captain Donald McL. Mackenzie: April 1866–June 1869
- Captain Thomas Miller: June 1869–June 1870
- Captain John C. Wilson: June 1870–January 1872
- Captain George W. Watson: January 1872–January 1875
- Captain Charles T. Curme: January 1875–February 1876
- Captain St. George C. D'Arcy-Irvine: February 1876–September 1877
- Captain Thomas B. Lethbridge: September 1877–January 1879
- Captain Thomas B.M. Sulivan: January 1879–July 1881
- Captain John D’Arcy: July 1881–September 1883
- Captain James A. Poland: September 1883–September 1886
- Captain Frederick C.B. Robinson: September 1886–July 1887
- Captain Arthur C. Curtis: July 1887–July 1890
- Captain Leicester C. Keppel: July 1890–August 1892
- Captain Henry H. Boys: August 1892–October 1894
- Captain William H.C. St.Clair: October 1894–February 1896
- Captain James L. Hammet: February 1896–January 1898
- Captain William F.S. Mann: January 1898–July 1899
- Captain Charles Campbell: July–October 1899
- Captain Henry C. Bigge: October 1899–February 1901
- Captain Archibald Y. Pocklington: February 1901–December 1902
- Captain Arthur Y. Moggridge: January 1907–April 1908
- Captain Clement Greatorex: April–December 1908
- Captain Henry J. L. Clarke: December 1908–August 1911
- Captain Philip H. Colomb: August 1911–January 1915
- Captain Ernest A. Taylor: January 1915–May 1916
- Captain William Bowden-Smith: May–July 1916
- Captain Alexander V. Campbell: July 1916–April 1918
- Captain Cecil M. Staveley: April–October 1918
Chief of Staff, the Nore
- Captain Theobald W.B. Kennedy: October 1918–May 1921
- Captain Wilfred Tomkinson: May 1921–June 1923
- Captain Herbert W.W. Hope: June 1923–December 1924
- Captain the Hon. William S. Leveson-Gower: December 1924–May 1927
- Captain the Hon. E. Barry S. Bingham: May 1927–May 1929
- Captain Douglas B. Le Mottee: May 1929–May 1931
- Captain Reginald V. Holt: May 1931–August 1933
- Captain Hector Boyes: August 1933–November 1934
- Captain Robert B. Ramsay: November 1934-December 1935
- Captain Reginald B. Darke: December 1935–August 1937
- Captain Philip Esmonde Phillips: August 1937–July 1938
- Captain the Hon. George Fraser: July 1938–May 1940
- Rear-Admiral Alfred H. Taylor: May 1940–March 1943
- Commodore George H. Creswell: March–October 1943
- Commodore Robert G.H. Linzee: October 1943–April 1946
- Captain Albert L. Poland: April 1946–July 1948
- Captain Lennox A. K. Boswell: July 1948–May 1949
- Captain Arthur M. Knapp: May 1949–June 1951
- Captain Herbert F.H. Layman: June 1951–January 1953
- Captain Ronald E. Portlock: January 1953–December 1954
- Captain John A. W. Tothill: December 1954–July 1956
- Captain William A.F. Hawkins: July 1956–December 1957
- Captain Roger B.N. Hicks: December 1957–April 1960
- Captain Barry J. Anderson: April 1960–March 1961
Offices under the Chief of Staff
Nore Command
Chatham Dockyard
Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring GillinghamCaptain-Superintendent, Chatham Dockyard
- Captain-Superintendent, Chatham Dockyard
Admiral-Superintendent, Chatham Dockyard
- Admiral-Superintendent, Chatham Dockayard
Rear Admiral, Commanding Chatham Sheerness Reserve Division
Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham
The Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham were purpose-built to provide accommodation and training facilities for the men of the reserve fleet who were waiting to be appointed to ships. Designed by Colonel Henry Pilkington, construction of the barracks began in 1897 and completed in December 1902.Commodore-in-Command, Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham
- Commodore-in-Command, Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham
Sheerness Dockyard
Admiral-Superintendent, Sheerness Dockyard
- Admiral-Superintendent, Sheerness
Nore, sub-area commands
Stations | Flag Ship or Ships borne in | Flag Officers/Officers commanding | Dates | Ref |
Brightlingsea Station | HMS Wallaroo | Rear Admiral, Brighlingsea | 1914 – 1915 | |
Brightlingsea Station | HMS City of Perth then HMS Nemo | Senior Naval officer, Brighlingsea | 1914–1945 | |
Dover Station | HMS Nemo | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Dover & CO HMS Lynx | 1945–1946 | |
Harwich Station | HMS Badger | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Harwich | 1914–1944 | |
Humber Station | HMS Beaver | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Humber | 1939 – 1946 | |
London Station | HMS Yeoman | Flag Officer-in-Charge, London | 1938–1946 | Rear Admiral Edward Courtney Boyle 1939-42 Admiral Martin Dunbar-Nasmith 1942-46 |
Lowestoft Station | HMS Minos | Naval Officer-in-Charge, Lowestoft | 1914–1918, 1942–1946 | |
Southend Station | HMS Leigh | Commander-in-Charge, Southend | 1914–1918, 1942–1946 | |
Yarmouth Station | HMS Watchful | Flag Officer-in-Charge, Yarmouth | 1942–1945 |
Facilities in this command
Various units that served in this command included:Facility | Based at | Date | Notes |
Chatham | Chatham, Kent | 1914–1918 | chain of command was to the Grand Fleet |
HM Naval Base, Immingham | Immingham | 1914–1918 | chain of command was to the SNO/FO, Humber Station |
Sheerness Dockyard | Sheerness, Isle of Sheppey, Kent | 1914–1918 | |
RNTE Shotley | Chatham | 1914–1918 | Shotley Training Establishment |
Naval formations that served under this command
Various units that served in this command included:Naval Units | Based at | Date | Notes |
Reserve Fleet | Chatham | 1900–1905 | 4 protected cruisers |
Reserve Fleet | Chatham | 1906–-1914 | 13 cruisers from the Aeolus, Arrogant, Astraea, Diadem, Eclipse, Edgar classes. |
Reserve Fleet | Chatham | 1939 | inc: 6 cruisers, 15 destroyers, and 5 minesweepers |
3rd Battle Squadron | Chatham | May 1916–April 1918 | ex Grand Fleet |
2nd Cruiser Squadron | Chatham | 1939–1940 | |
5th Cruiser Squadron | Chatham | 1908–1909 | |
7th Cruiser Squadron | Chatham | 1912 | |
HMS Curacoa | Chatham | 1939 | C-class cruiser |
HMS London | Chatham | 1939 | County-class cruiser |
1st Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | December 1939–June 1940 | |
4th Destroyer Flotilla | Humber | August – December 1916 | |
5th Destroyer Flotilla | Chatham | 1939–1940 | |
7th Destroyer Flotilla | Humber/Chatham | August 1914 – November 1918, 1939–1940 | WWI part of AOPs |
8th Destroyer Flotilla | Chatham | 1911–1914 | 1 cruiser leader, 2 scout cruisers and 24 torpedo boat destroyers |
9th Destroyer Flotilla | Nore | 1911–1914 | 1 cruiser leader, 2 scout cruisers and 27 destroyers |
16th Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | June 1940–May 1945 | |
18th Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | June–December, 1940 | disbanded |
19th Destroyer Flotilla | Chatham | September–October, 1939 | transferred to Dover Command |
20th Destroyer Flotilla | Immingham | 1914–1918, 1941 | |
21st Destroyer Flotilla | Sheerness | July 1940–May 1945 | formed the southern force for the escort of east coast convoys |
22nd Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | November–December, 1939 | inc: renamed 1st Destroyer Flotilla |
Nore Flotilla | Harwich | 1895–1909 | 43 torpedo boat destroyers |
Nore Local Flotilla | Harwich | 1912–1914 | was a Destroyer Flotilla |
20th Minelaying Destroyer Flotilla | Harwich | 1939–1940 | |
4th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | September 1939–July 1942 | |
5th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | September 1939–April 1941 | absorbed into 4MSF |
6th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | May–September 1940 | |
7th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | March 1944–January 1945 | |
8th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | 1939 | |
10th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | April 1945 | |
11th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | April 1945 | |
15th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | February 1944 | |
18th Minesweeper Flotilla | Chatham | May 1943 | |
40th Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | 1945 | |
44nd Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | August 1944 | |
117 Minesweeper Flotilla | Sheerness | 1944 | |
133 Minesweeper Flotilla | Sheerness | 1944 | |
140 Minesweeper Flotilla | Sheerness & Harwich | 1944 | divided between two naval bases |
163 Minesweeper Flotilla | Lowestoft | 1944 | |
202 Minesweeper Flotilla | Lowestoft | 1944 | |
203 Minesweeper Flotilla | Harwich | 1944 | |
5th Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla | Immingham | 1939 – 1941 | |
11th Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1944 | |
21st Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1944 | |
22nd Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1944 | |
29th Motor Torpedo Boat Flotilla | Felixstowe | 1939 | |
2nd Submarine Flotilla | Immingham | August 1916 – February 1917 | coastal defence C Class |
3rd Submarine Flotilla | Immingham/Humber/Harwich | September 1916 – 1918, October 1939-May 1940 | |
4th Submarine Flotilla | Sherness | August 1916–September 1917 | Disbanded |
5th Submarine Flotilla | Sherness | August 1914–August 1916 | renamed 4th Submarine Flotilla |
6th Submarine Flotilla | Humber | August 1914 – August 1916 |
Naval formations that received shore support from this command
Various units that served in this command included:Naval Units | Based at | Date | Notes |
Admiral of Patrols | Chatham | 1914–1918 | chain of command was to the Grand Fleet |
Dover Patrol | Chatham | 1914–1918 | |
Harwich Force | Chatham | 1914–1918 | |
Humber Force | Grimsby/Hull | 1914–1918, 1939–1940 | |
Southern Force | Chatham | 1914–1918 |