The Chiaia Funicular is a funicularrailway line that forms part of the public transport system for the city ofNaples, Italy. Opened in 1889, the Chiaia Funicular is one of the oldest funicular railways in the world, and carries over half a million passengers per year. The Chiaia Funicular serves four stations: Cimarosa Station, Palazzolo Station, Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station, and Regina Magherita Station. It primarily connects Piazza Vanvitelli, at the top of Vomero Hill, to Rione Amadeo. The line connects with Line 1 of the Naples Metro and the Central Funicular at Via Cimarosa, and with Line 2 at Via Regina Margherita. At Cimarosa the Chiaia is connected by a subway, permitting access to the metro without having to reach the street surface.
History
In the second half of the 19th century, the Vomero hill area to the northwest of Naples began to expand as a new residential area. Because of the steep incline of the hill it was difficult to access though. As a result, construction soon began on both the Chiaia and Montesanto Funicularcable railways. A local engineering firm, Le Officine Nazionali di Savigliano was granted the tender for all engineering, electric and mechanical work on the line. Nearly 300 metres shorter than the Montesanto incline, the Chiaia Funicular was the first to be completed, opening to the public on 15 October 1889, and making it the third-oldest funicular railway in the world. Only the Giessbach Funicular in Switzerland, and the Telegraph Hill Railroad in San Francisco, United States, are older. For the first eleven years of operation, the Chiaia funicular was powered by Escher Wyss steam engines, but in 1900 the line became electrified. The new twin-electric engines, provided by Brown Boveri & Co, gave 135 horsepower each, and greatly improved efficiency. In 1914 the original cars were replaced after 25 years of service, and two years later, in 1916, a third station, Palazzolo was inaugurated on the line. Until 1926 it only operated three stops, with the opening of Palazzolo Station, delayed due to difficulty in accessing the area in which its construction was planned. OTIS elevators were included in its design to improve access to the platform at this station. With the fourth planned station finally fully operational by 1926, the line had finally been completed as planned, 37 years after it had first opened. The opening of Palazzolo Station was the last change to the line for the next fifty years. The Chiaia line was not affected by either of the world wars, and continued to operate throughout both conflicts. In 1975 Azienda Tranvie Autofilovie Napoletane replaced the Società Ferrovie del Vomero as the operator of the line. Having reviewed its condition, in 1976 the entire line was overhauled and upgraded. A major modernisation programmed was begun, with Giustino Costruzioni given responsibility for the engineering works, Officine Mecchaniche Agudio carrying out electronic and mechanical work, Lovisolo constructing brand new cars, B.M.B. installing new modern electrical controls, and Fitre undertaking transmission and safety work. The refurbished Chiaia Funicular reopened to the public on 22 September 1977, although accusations of inadequate engineering works were levelled at the contractors, and these problems were not finally rectified until 2004. In 1995 the line's operator, ATAN, was rebranded as Azienda Napoletana Mobilità, and in 1998, further works were carried out to again modernise the line. In February 2001 ANM was replaced by Metronapoli as the new operator of the line. By 2003 the latest upgrade works had been completed and that work saw the line completely restored and brought up to adequate European safety standards. It also resulted in all of the stations being redone in Art Nouveau style, restoring the line to its former splendor. ANM took over Metronapoli in November 2013, thereby again becoming the Chiaia Funicular's operator.
Operation
The Chiaia Funicular carries over half a million passengers annually, with an average of 15,000 passengers on workdays, but this is reduced to an average of 5,000 on weekends and holidays. From the top to bottom the line is long, and ascends in altitude, at an average gradient of 29%. The carriages travel at an average speed of, and the entire route takes three minutes, and eight seconds. Each train can carry 300 passengers at a time, giving a total capacity of 9,500 passengers per hour in each direction, although this capacity is never reached.
