Chembur is an upmarket large suburb in eastern Mumbai, India.
History
Before reclamation, Chembur lay on the north-western corner of Trombay Island. It is suggested that Chembur is the same place referred to as Saimur by the Arab writers, Sibor in Cosmas Indicopleustes, Chemula in the Kanheri cave inscriptions, Symulla by the author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Symulla or Timulla by Ptolemy, and perhaps even Perimula by Pliny. This is, however, disputed. Chembur is also said to be a reference to Chevul at the mouth of the Kundalika River on mainland Maharashtra. Later, the area occupied was said to have occupied a branch of an animal home. The Bombay Presidency Golf Club was established in 1827, and was later re-built to meet international standards. No major activity occurred until the Kurla-Chembur single railway line was built in 1906 for garbage trains. The line was opened to passenger traffic in 1924. After construction activity in the 1920s, Chembur was finally opened up in the 1930s. It was made part of Bombay City in 1945. After independence, Chembur was one of the sites where refugee camps were set up to settle refugees after partition. The industrialisation of Trombay during and after World War II led to the demand for housing and the growth of Chembur thereafter.
Chembur is surrounded by the neighborhoods of Kurla, Deonar, Mahul, Govandi, Chunabhatti and Ghatkopar. A marine alluvium-type of soil is observed in Chembur. It has north-south running basalt hills to its south.
Dayanand Saraswati Marg formerly called Central Avenue Road was given its current name in memory of Dayanand Saraswati. Stretches from Chembur Railway Station to Sion Panvel Highway, formerly and commonly called Central Avenue Road. It is lined on both sides mainly with residential complexes and shade trees. In 2008, the height of the road was raised and provided with a sidewalk. The Central Avenue Road is a prime locality in Chembur.
Environmental problems
Chembur had pollution problems in the past and was ranked 46th in a list of the most polluted industrial clusters in India. Studies of Chembur have also found high levels of copper, chromium, calcium, arsenic and mercury in groundwater. Effluents from oil refineries, fertilizer plants and reactors in Chembur are also said to have polluted seawater in Thane Creek and affected marine life. The main problem was the uncontrolled release of ammonia and nitrous oxides from the Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilisers complex. Although ammonia is easy to scrub, the problem seems to be due to improper operation of pollution control equipment and/or operation of the urea/ammonia complex way beyond the design capacity without augmentation of pollution control equipment. The Deonar dumping ground in Deonar had caused health issues for the residents of Chembur. In 2008, around 40 residents of Chembur went on a hunger strike to protest against the frequent fires and smoke. Again in 2012, the residents complained to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation on the smoke coming out of the dumping ground, which has been affecting asthma patients.