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Catharina Serafin
Catharina
Serafin
, was a
Prussian
lady
who had an
enchondroma
removed
from her
cardiac region
,
leaving
the
chest wall
open
except
from a
thin
skin
layer
. This allowed the
German
physician
Hugo von Ziemssen
in
1892
to do the first
cardiac pacing
experiments
ever
,
giving
understanding
to how
the heart
works
electrically
.